U.S. History Semester 1 Questions and Answers correct

U.S. History Semester 1 Questions and Answers correct Renaissance the revival of art and literature under the influence of classical models in the 14th-16th centuries. -Effect: people in US learned math and shipbuilding Protestant Reformation a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. Joint-stock company Business enterprise in which a group of stockholders pooled their money to engage in trade or to fund colonizing expeditions. Puritans Individuals who believed that Queen Elizabeth's reforms of the Church of England had not gone far enough in improving the church. Took place in 1630. They led the settlement of Mass. Bay colony. Plymouth Colony colony formed by the Pilgrims when they arrived at Plymouth Rock in 1620. First of New England settlements. French and Indian War The last of the Angle-French colonial war () and the first in which fighting began in North America. The war ended with France's defeat. Albany Plan of Union 1754--Plan put forward calling for an intercolonial union to manage defense and Indian affairs. Mayflower Compact A document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government. 1620 Parliament representative law making body whose members are elected or appointed. Peace of Paris Treaties signed in 1783 by Great Britain, the United States, France, Spain, and the Netherlands that ended Revolutionary War. Pilgrims Settlers of Plymouth Colony, who viewed themselves as spiritual wanderers. 1620 -wanted reform of the church of england. Bacon's Rebellion Violent conflict in Virginia (), beginning with settler attacks on Indians but culminating in a rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia's government. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut This document was the first written constitution in the American colonies. It was prepared as the covenant for the new Puritan community in Connecticut, established in the 1630s. This document described a system of government for the new community. Mercantilism Economic system whereby the government intervenes in the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth. Glorious Revolution Bloodless revolt that occurred in England in 1688 when parliament leaders invited William of Orange, aProtestant, to assume the English throne. Triangular Trade A three way system of trade during early 1600s Aferica sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa. Middle Passage The voyage between West Africa and the New World slave colonies. Great Awakening Tremendous religious revival in colonial America striking first in the Middle Colonies and New England in the 1740s and then spreading to the southern colonies. The New England Town Meeting any citizen of the town may discuss issues with other members of the community and vote on them. Strongest example of direct democracy Declaration of Independence The document by which the Second Continental Congress announced and justified its decision to renounce the colonies' allegiance to the British government. Battle of Saratoga 1777- The battle which was the turning point of the Revolution because after the colonists won this major victory, the French decided to support us with money, troops, ships, etc. Battle of Yorktown 1781- , Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781. Pontiac's Rebellion Indian uprising () led by Pontiac of the Ottawas and Neolin of the Delawares. Sugar Act Law passed in 1764 to raise revenue in the American colonies. It lowered the duty from 6 pence to 3 pence per gallon on foreign molasses imported into the colonies and increased the restrictions on colonial commerce. Stamp Act Law passed by Parliament in 1765 to raise revenue in America by requiring traced, stamped paper for legal documents, publications, and playing cards. Writs of assistance legal document that enabled officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled. Boston Massacre After months of increasing friction between townspeople and the British troops stationed in the city, on March 5, 1770, British troops fired in American civilians in Boston. Committees of Correspondence Committees formed in the colonies to keep Americans informed about British measures the would affect them. Tea Act 1773- Act of Parliament that permitted the East India Company to sell through agents in America without paying the duty customarily collected in Britian, this reducing the retail price. Boston Tea Party Incident that occurred on December 16, 1773, in which Bostonians, disguised as Indians, destroyed $9,000 worth of tea belonging to the British East India Company in order to prevent payment of the duty on it. Intolerable Acts American term for the Coercive Acts and the Quebec Act. First Continental Congress 1774- Meeting of delegates from most of the colonies held in 1774 in response to the Coercive Acts. Second Continental Congress Convened in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775. Called for patchwork of local forces to be organized into the Continental Army, authorized the formation of a navy, established a post office, and printed paper continental dollars to meet its expenses. Articles of Confederation Written document setting up the loose confederation of states that comprised the first national government of the United States. Shay's Rebellion An armed movement of debt-ridden farmers in western Massachusetts in the winter of . Treaty of Paris 1783- The formal end to British hostilities against France and Spain in February. Constitutional Convention Convention that met in Philadelphia in 1787 and drafted the Constitution of the United States. Federalist/Antifederalist A supporter of the Constitution who favored its ratification. An opponent of the Constitution in the debate over its ratification. Bill of Rights (First Ten Amendments) A written summary of inalienable rights and liberties. Virginia Plan Proposal calling for a national legislature in which the states would be represented according to population. New Jersey Plan Proposal of the New Jersey delegation for a strengthened national government in which all states would have an equal representation in a unicameral legislature. Connecticut Plan (Great Compromise) Plan proposed at the 1787 Constitutional Convention for creating a national bicameral legislature in which all states would be equally represented in the House. Three/fifths Compromise the agreement by which the number of each state's representatives in Congress would be based on a count of all the free people plus three-fifths of the slaves. The Federalists Papers This collection of essays by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison, explained the importance of a strong central government. It was published to convince New York to ratify the Constitution. Congress the legislature of the United States government. Supreme Court the highest federal court in the United States. Whiskey Rebellion Armed uprising in 1794 by farmers in western Pennsylvania who attempted to prevent the collection of the excise tax on whiskey. Democratic Party Political party formed in the 1820s under the leadership of Andrew Jackson; favored states' rights and a limited role for the federal government. Republican Party Party that emerged in the 1850s in the aftermath of the bitter controversy over the Kansas-Nebraska Act, consisting of former Whigs, some northern Democrats, and many Know-Nothings. Washington's Farewell Address Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism. XYZ Affair Diplomatic incident in 1798 in which Americans were outraged by the demand of the French for a bribe as a condition for negotiating with American diplomats. Alien and Sedition Acts Collective name given to four acts passed by Congress in 1798 that curtailed freedom of speech and the liberty of foreigners resident in the United States. Revolution of 1800 Jefferson's election changed the direction of the government from Federalist to Democratic- Republican, so it was called a "revolution." Louisiana Purchase Territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million Spoils system The awarding of government jobs to party loyalist. "corrupt bargain" Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson. Tariff of Abominations Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South Indian Removal Act President Andrew Jackson's measure that allowed state officials to override federal protection of Native Americans Trail of Tears That forced march in 1838 of the Cherokee Indians from their homelands in Georgia to the Indian Territory in the West. Marbury v. Madison Supreme Court decision of 1803 that created the precedent of judicial review by ruling as unconstitutional part of the Judiciary Act of 1789. Embargo Act 1807 - Act passed by Congress in 1897 prohibiting American ships from leaving for any foreign port. War Hawks Members of Congress, predominantly from the South and West, who aggressively pushed for a war against Britain after their election in 1810. War of 1812 War fought between the United States and Britain from June 1812 to January 1815 largely over Britain restrictions on American shipping. Treaty of Ghent 1814 - Treaty signed in December 1814 between the United States and Britain that ended the War of 1812. Protective Tariff a tariff imposed to protect domestic firms from import competition American System The program of government subsidies favored by Henry Clay and his followers to promote American economic growth and protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition. McCulloch v. Maryland Supreme Court decision of 1819 that upheld the constitutional authority of COngress to charter a national bank, and thereby to regulate the nation's currency and finances.