NSG 120 MIDTERM (UNITS 1-8 )
1. endocrine changes with aging: - glands atrophy and decrease secretion rate
- type 2 diabetes rates is more common due to increased insulin resistance
- rate of hypothyroidism increases due to thyroxine not converting to triiodothyronine
2. musculoskeletal changes with aging: - decreased bone density
- muscle atrophy
- decreased skin turgor due to thinning, less elastic skin
- INCREASED chance of skin breakdown
3. nervous system changes with aging: - decreased serotonin, norepinephrine,dopamine
production
- decrease in cognition and reaction time (thought, reflexes)
4. True/False: Decreased drug metabolism increases the risk for drug toxicityin the elderly.:
True
5. avulsion: a wound that occurs when tissue is torn away from the body
6. abrasion: a wound where the skin surface is scraped away
7. puncture: a small hole made by a sharp object
8. laceration: cut on the skin and possibly the underlying soft tissue
9. crush injury: injury in which tissue is locally compressed by high pressureforces
10. stages of inflammation: - vasodilation and increased permeability of bloodvessels - allows
WBCs and fluid to leave blood and enter tissues
- cellular chemotaxis - movement of an organism in response to stimulus
- systemic response - fever, pain, malaise, lymphadenopathy
11. cardinal signs of inflammation: redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function
12. serous exudate: watery, blister like, small amounts of protein and WBCs
13. fibrin exudate: thick and sticky, high in fibrin
14. purulent exudate: pus, contains protein and dead WBCs, usually indicates abacterial
infection
15. systemic responses to inflammation: fever, lethargy, malaise, loss of appetite,aching,
weakness, lymphadenopathy
, 16. monocyte: type of white blood cell that "eats up cellular debris"
17. neutrophil: type of white blood cell that is first on the scene and is the mostnumerous in
the body
18. lab tests for chronic inflammation: - C reactive protein (CRP)
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
- CBC with diff
19. homeostasis: process to maintain a relatively stable internal environment
20. acute disease: rapid onset, usually lasts less than 6 months
21. chronic disease: slowly developing, lasting more than 6 months
22. insidious onset: develops slowly, no obvious symptoms at first
23. signs: objective changes that another person can observe and measure
24. symptoms: subjective findings described by the patient
25. atrophy: decrease in the size of cellsEx: effect of wearing a cast
26. hypertrophy: increase in the size of cellsEx: bodybuilders
27. hyperplasia: increase in the number of cells Ex: breasts during puberty, pregnancy,
lactation
28. metaplasia: change in the appearance of cells, DOES NOT lead to cancerEx: cervical cells
exposed to STI or HPV
29. dysplasia: abnormal growth of cells in size and number, large nuclei frequentlypresent,
CAN lead to cancer
Ex: cervical cells seen on a Pap smear
30. ischemia: decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ dueto a
circulatory problem
31. necrosis: tissue death
32. hypoxia: deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissuesNSG120.01.01.03
33. apoptosis: programmed cell death, self-destructionNSG120.01.01.03
34. diagnostic tests for cancer: - routine screening
- self-examination
- blood tests
- radiographic (ultrasound, MRI, CT, x-ray)
- cytologic tests require biopsy or cell sample
35. autoimmune disorder: a condition in which the immune system produces anti- bodies
1. endocrine changes with aging: - glands atrophy and decrease secretion rate
- type 2 diabetes rates is more common due to increased insulin resistance
- rate of hypothyroidism increases due to thyroxine not converting to triiodothyronine
2. musculoskeletal changes with aging: - decreased bone density
- muscle atrophy
- decreased skin turgor due to thinning, less elastic skin
- INCREASED chance of skin breakdown
3. nervous system changes with aging: - decreased serotonin, norepinephrine,dopamine
production
- decrease in cognition and reaction time (thought, reflexes)
4. True/False: Decreased drug metabolism increases the risk for drug toxicityin the elderly.:
True
5. avulsion: a wound that occurs when tissue is torn away from the body
6. abrasion: a wound where the skin surface is scraped away
7. puncture: a small hole made by a sharp object
8. laceration: cut on the skin and possibly the underlying soft tissue
9. crush injury: injury in which tissue is locally compressed by high pressureforces
10. stages of inflammation: - vasodilation and increased permeability of bloodvessels - allows
WBCs and fluid to leave blood and enter tissues
- cellular chemotaxis - movement of an organism in response to stimulus
- systemic response - fever, pain, malaise, lymphadenopathy
11. cardinal signs of inflammation: redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function
12. serous exudate: watery, blister like, small amounts of protein and WBCs
13. fibrin exudate: thick and sticky, high in fibrin
14. purulent exudate: pus, contains protein and dead WBCs, usually indicates abacterial
infection
15. systemic responses to inflammation: fever, lethargy, malaise, loss of appetite,aching,
weakness, lymphadenopathy
, 16. monocyte: type of white blood cell that "eats up cellular debris"
17. neutrophil: type of white blood cell that is first on the scene and is the mostnumerous in
the body
18. lab tests for chronic inflammation: - C reactive protein (CRP)
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
- CBC with diff
19. homeostasis: process to maintain a relatively stable internal environment
20. acute disease: rapid onset, usually lasts less than 6 months
21. chronic disease: slowly developing, lasting more than 6 months
22. insidious onset: develops slowly, no obvious symptoms at first
23. signs: objective changes that another person can observe and measure
24. symptoms: subjective findings described by the patient
25. atrophy: decrease in the size of cellsEx: effect of wearing a cast
26. hypertrophy: increase in the size of cellsEx: bodybuilders
27. hyperplasia: increase in the number of cells Ex: breasts during puberty, pregnancy,
lactation
28. metaplasia: change in the appearance of cells, DOES NOT lead to cancerEx: cervical cells
exposed to STI or HPV
29. dysplasia: abnormal growth of cells in size and number, large nuclei frequentlypresent,
CAN lead to cancer
Ex: cervical cells seen on a Pap smear
30. ischemia: decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ dueto a
circulatory problem
31. necrosis: tissue death
32. hypoxia: deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissuesNSG120.01.01.03
33. apoptosis: programmed cell death, self-destructionNSG120.01.01.03
34. diagnostic tests for cancer: - routine screening
- self-examination
- blood tests
- radiographic (ultrasound, MRI, CT, x-ray)
- cytologic tests require biopsy or cell sample
35. autoimmune disorder: a condition in which the immune system produces anti- bodies
