NSG 120 MIDTERM EXAM
1. Approximately of melanomas occur in a nevus (mole): 30%
2. ABCDEs of melanoma: asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution
3. decubitus ulcer: bed sore
4. Affect all 3 layers of the skin: bed sores
5. Psoriasis: Lesions are dry, raised, red skin patches (plaques) covered withsilvery scales
that usually appear on elbows, knees, lower back and scalp
6. Acute Uritcaria: Hives:
A skin reaction that is commonly caused by allergy or Type I sensitivity (immediateallergic
response)
7. Type I hypersensitivity: anaphylaxis
8. Type II hypersensitivity: Reaction results in the production of antibodies to fightcellular
antigens
9. Type III hypersensitivity: An abnormal immune response where antigen-anti- body
complex aggregates called "immune complexes". These aggregates can occur in various tissues
such as the skin in systemic lupus erythematosus
10. Type IV hypersensitivity reaction: A cell-mediated reaction that can occur in response to
direct contact such as in contact dermatitis. Also TB skin test
11. cellulitis bacteria: staphylococcus aureus
12. occurs in the lower trunk and legs: cellulitis
13. paronychia: diseased state around the nail
14. what bacteria causes paronychia: staphylococcus aureus
15. The two most common parasitic insects to infect humans: Scabies andPediculosis
16. herpes zoster (shingles): a disease that involves a painful, blistering rashaccompanied by
headache, fever, and a general feeling of unwellness
17. Dermatophytes (tinea): a chronic superficial fungal infection of the skin.
18. superficial burns: first degree, damage only the epidermal layer
19. superficial partial-thickness burn: second degree, involve the dermis andepidermis
20. deep partial-thickness burn: Extends from the epidermis through the papillaryand reticular
layers of the dermis
Nerve endings are damaged (more discomfort)
21. full thickness burn: a burn in which all the layers of the skin are damaged. There are
usually areas that are charred black or areas that are dry and white. Alsocalled a third-degree
, burn.
22. rule of nines: The body is divided into regions that present 9% or multiples ofnine, with
the exception of the perineum, which is 1% BSA
23. Never use on a large burn: it causes blood vessel constriction, hy-pothermia, and
worsens tissue damage: ice
24. The focus of care in burns: airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure,and fluid
restriction
25. fluid loss in burns can lead to: hypovolemic shock
26. albinism: Absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes
27. vitiligo: localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches
28. refractive errors: hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia
29. hyperopia: farsightedness
30. myopia: nearsightedness
31. astigmatism: defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye
32. presbyopia: farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye,occurring
typically in middle and old age.
33. strabismus: crossed eyes
34. nysagmus: Involuntary abnormal movement of one or both eyes
35. diplopia: double vision
36. What is the primary cause of malnutrition?: decrease in protein energy
37. Risk factors for obesity: excess calorie I&O, sedentary lifestyle, poverty, culture,genetics
and age, gender (mostly female), smoking cessation, Cushing's disease (which is secondary
disorder that causes obesity
38. atrophy: decrease in cell size
39. hypertrophy: an increase in cell size
40. hyperplasia: increase in cell number
41. Metaplasia: change in the appearance of the cell
42. dysplasia: disordered growth of the cell
43. apoptosis: programmed cell death
44. necrosis: refers to the death of one or more cells or a portion of tissue or organas a result
of irreversible damage and not a programmed cellular event
45. Ischemia: decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ
46. hypoxia: Reduced oxygen in tissues
1. Approximately of melanomas occur in a nevus (mole): 30%
2. ABCDEs of melanoma: asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution
3. decubitus ulcer: bed sore
4. Affect all 3 layers of the skin: bed sores
5. Psoriasis: Lesions are dry, raised, red skin patches (plaques) covered withsilvery scales
that usually appear on elbows, knees, lower back and scalp
6. Acute Uritcaria: Hives:
A skin reaction that is commonly caused by allergy or Type I sensitivity (immediateallergic
response)
7. Type I hypersensitivity: anaphylaxis
8. Type II hypersensitivity: Reaction results in the production of antibodies to fightcellular
antigens
9. Type III hypersensitivity: An abnormal immune response where antigen-anti- body
complex aggregates called "immune complexes". These aggregates can occur in various tissues
such as the skin in systemic lupus erythematosus
10. Type IV hypersensitivity reaction: A cell-mediated reaction that can occur in response to
direct contact such as in contact dermatitis. Also TB skin test
11. cellulitis bacteria: staphylococcus aureus
12. occurs in the lower trunk and legs: cellulitis
13. paronychia: diseased state around the nail
14. what bacteria causes paronychia: staphylococcus aureus
15. The two most common parasitic insects to infect humans: Scabies andPediculosis
16. herpes zoster (shingles): a disease that involves a painful, blistering rashaccompanied by
headache, fever, and a general feeling of unwellness
17. Dermatophytes (tinea): a chronic superficial fungal infection of the skin.
18. superficial burns: first degree, damage only the epidermal layer
19. superficial partial-thickness burn: second degree, involve the dermis andepidermis
20. deep partial-thickness burn: Extends from the epidermis through the papillaryand reticular
layers of the dermis
Nerve endings are damaged (more discomfort)
21. full thickness burn: a burn in which all the layers of the skin are damaged. There are
usually areas that are charred black or areas that are dry and white. Alsocalled a third-degree
, burn.
22. rule of nines: The body is divided into regions that present 9% or multiples ofnine, with
the exception of the perineum, which is 1% BSA
23. Never use on a large burn: it causes blood vessel constriction, hy-pothermia, and
worsens tissue damage: ice
24. The focus of care in burns: airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure,and fluid
restriction
25. fluid loss in burns can lead to: hypovolemic shock
26. albinism: Absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes
27. vitiligo: localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches
28. refractive errors: hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia
29. hyperopia: farsightedness
30. myopia: nearsightedness
31. astigmatism: defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye
32. presbyopia: farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye,occurring
typically in middle and old age.
33. strabismus: crossed eyes
34. nysagmus: Involuntary abnormal movement of one or both eyes
35. diplopia: double vision
36. What is the primary cause of malnutrition?: decrease in protein energy
37. Risk factors for obesity: excess calorie I&O, sedentary lifestyle, poverty, culture,genetics
and age, gender (mostly female), smoking cessation, Cushing's disease (which is secondary
disorder that causes obesity
38. atrophy: decrease in cell size
39. hypertrophy: an increase in cell size
40. hyperplasia: increase in cell number
41. Metaplasia: change in the appearance of the cell
42. dysplasia: disordered growth of the cell
43. apoptosis: programmed cell death
44. necrosis: refers to the death of one or more cells or a portion of tissue or organas a result
of irreversible damage and not a programmed cellular event
45. Ischemia: decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ
46. hypoxia: Reduced oxygen in tissues
