NSG 120 Midterm Review
1. These 3 different microorganisms are the usual culprits in infection: Fungi,bacteria, virus
2. Name of physical barrier that constitutes the first line of defense againstpathogens: Skin
3. This disorder involves inflammation or infection of the middle ear cavity: -
Otitis media
4. Name the 2 organs involved in regulating acid/base balance: Lungs andkidneys
5. Name areas in the body that is normally sterile: Blood, brain, kidneys, blad-der, uterus,
lungs, or cerebrospinal fluid
6. What distinguishes the third line of defense (adaptive immunity) from the first and second
line of defense?: It is highly specific & develops immunologicalmemory
7. This term is known as ringing or buzzing in ears: Tinnitus
8. Positive Chvostek sign & Trousseau's sign are associated with whichelectrolyte
imbalance?: Hypocalcemia (Normal range: 8.2 - 10.2mg/dL)
9. Name factors that can increase someone risk of getting an infection: Age,genetics,
immunodeficiency, malnutrition, chronic disease, stress, inflammation, trauma
10. What is the role of antibiotics in adaptive immunity?: They bind to specificantigens &
mark pathogens for destruction
11. What is the purpose of increased vascular permeability at the site ofinflammation?: To
allow immune cells to enter the tissue
12. This term means eye sensitivity associated with keratitis: Photophobia
13. Which electrolyte disturbance corresponds with hypocalcemia & hy-pokalemia?:
Hypomagnesemia (Normal range: 0.7 - 1.1mg/dL)
14. This type of infection occurs in healthcare facilities, including hospitals,nursing homes,
doctor offices, and dental offices: Nosocomial
15. What is the term for the systemic response to inflammation that can leadto an elevated
body temperature?: Fever
16. This structure equalizes pressure in the middle ear with pressure in theexternal ear canal:
Eustachian tube
17. What are the three spaces in the body where fluid and solutes movebetween?:
Intracellular, Intravascular, Interstitial
18. Many areas of the body, such as the skin, nasal cavity & mouth, have a resident population
of mixed microorganisms primarily bacteria that isreferred to as this: Normal flora
19. What is sepsis, & how does it relate to systemic infection?: A severe systemic response to
infection involving widespread inflammation
, 20. What is appropriate treatment for pink eye: Warm, moist compress
21. Of the 3 different fluid spaces, which fluid is trapped where it is difficult orimpossible for
it to move back into the cells or blood vessel?: 3rd space
22. Which WBC is part of the innate immune system & they are the first cellsattracted to the
local injury site?: Neutrophil
23. Name a refractive eye disorder: Myopia (nearsightedness) Hyperopia (farsight-edness)
Amblyopia (Lazy eye)
24. What is the force that pulls in?: osmotic/oncotic pressure
25. What is the initial stage of inflammation triggered when the body encountersa harmful
situation?: Initiation
26. This instrument (tool) can help diagnose ear problems: Otoscope
27. What is the net movement of solutes from a region of higher concentrationto a region of
lower concentration?: Diffusion
28. Which signaling molecule from mast cells, leads to vasodilation & increasedvascular
permeability during inflammation?: Histamine
29. What test can assess equilibrium?: The Romberg Test
30. Active transport requires what for movements of solutes?: ATP/energy
31. This suffix signifies inflammation: -itis
32. What role do cytokines such as TNF-±& IL-1 play in the inflammatoryresponse?: They
amplify the inflammatory response
33. A highly correctable hearing loss problem commonly afflicting olderadults: Cerumen
impaction
34. What is the force that pushes out?: Hydrostatic pressure
35. Name 5 different types of WBCs: Neutrophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes,Eosinophils,
Basophils
36. What is the term for the process in which immune cells adhere to theendothelium of
blood vessels during inflammation?: Margination
37. People with uncontrolled diabetes are at risk for this eye disorder: Diabeticretinopathy
38. Are sodium levels usually decreased or increased in fluid volume excess(hypervolemia)?:
Decreased
39. This term means the same as white blood cell: Leukocyte
40. Which molecule, derived from arachidonic acid, contributes to both painand vasodilation
during inflammation?: Prostaglandins
41. This eye disorder is also known as "pink eye" or eyelid inflammation fromallergies,
viruses, or bacteria: Conjunctivitis
1. These 3 different microorganisms are the usual culprits in infection: Fungi,bacteria, virus
2. Name of physical barrier that constitutes the first line of defense againstpathogens: Skin
3. This disorder involves inflammation or infection of the middle ear cavity: -
Otitis media
4. Name the 2 organs involved in regulating acid/base balance: Lungs andkidneys
5. Name areas in the body that is normally sterile: Blood, brain, kidneys, blad-der, uterus,
lungs, or cerebrospinal fluid
6. What distinguishes the third line of defense (adaptive immunity) from the first and second
line of defense?: It is highly specific & develops immunologicalmemory
7. This term is known as ringing or buzzing in ears: Tinnitus
8. Positive Chvostek sign & Trousseau's sign are associated with whichelectrolyte
imbalance?: Hypocalcemia (Normal range: 8.2 - 10.2mg/dL)
9. Name factors that can increase someone risk of getting an infection: Age,genetics,
immunodeficiency, malnutrition, chronic disease, stress, inflammation, trauma
10. What is the role of antibiotics in adaptive immunity?: They bind to specificantigens &
mark pathogens for destruction
11. What is the purpose of increased vascular permeability at the site ofinflammation?: To
allow immune cells to enter the tissue
12. This term means eye sensitivity associated with keratitis: Photophobia
13. Which electrolyte disturbance corresponds with hypocalcemia & hy-pokalemia?:
Hypomagnesemia (Normal range: 0.7 - 1.1mg/dL)
14. This type of infection occurs in healthcare facilities, including hospitals,nursing homes,
doctor offices, and dental offices: Nosocomial
15. What is the term for the systemic response to inflammation that can leadto an elevated
body temperature?: Fever
16. This structure equalizes pressure in the middle ear with pressure in theexternal ear canal:
Eustachian tube
17. What are the three spaces in the body where fluid and solutes movebetween?:
Intracellular, Intravascular, Interstitial
18. Many areas of the body, such as the skin, nasal cavity & mouth, have a resident population
of mixed microorganisms primarily bacteria that isreferred to as this: Normal flora
19. What is sepsis, & how does it relate to systemic infection?: A severe systemic response to
infection involving widespread inflammation
, 20. What is appropriate treatment for pink eye: Warm, moist compress
21. Of the 3 different fluid spaces, which fluid is trapped where it is difficult orimpossible for
it to move back into the cells or blood vessel?: 3rd space
22. Which WBC is part of the innate immune system & they are the first cellsattracted to the
local injury site?: Neutrophil
23. Name a refractive eye disorder: Myopia (nearsightedness) Hyperopia (farsight-edness)
Amblyopia (Lazy eye)
24. What is the force that pulls in?: osmotic/oncotic pressure
25. What is the initial stage of inflammation triggered when the body encountersa harmful
situation?: Initiation
26. This instrument (tool) can help diagnose ear problems: Otoscope
27. What is the net movement of solutes from a region of higher concentrationto a region of
lower concentration?: Diffusion
28. Which signaling molecule from mast cells, leads to vasodilation & increasedvascular
permeability during inflammation?: Histamine
29. What test can assess equilibrium?: The Romberg Test
30. Active transport requires what for movements of solutes?: ATP/energy
31. This suffix signifies inflammation: -itis
32. What role do cytokines such as TNF-±& IL-1 play in the inflammatoryresponse?: They
amplify the inflammatory response
33. A highly correctable hearing loss problem commonly afflicting olderadults: Cerumen
impaction
34. What is the force that pushes out?: Hydrostatic pressure
35. Name 5 different types of WBCs: Neutrophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes,Eosinophils,
Basophils
36. What is the term for the process in which immune cells adhere to theendothelium of
blood vessels during inflammation?: Margination
37. People with uncontrolled diabetes are at risk for this eye disorder: Diabeticretinopathy
38. Are sodium levels usually decreased or increased in fluid volume excess(hypervolemia)?:
Decreased
39. This term means the same as white blood cell: Leukocyte
40. Which molecule, derived from arachidonic acid, contributes to both painand vasodilation
during inflammation?: Prostaglandins
41. This eye disorder is also known as "pink eye" or eyelid inflammation fromallergies,
viruses, or bacteria: Conjunctivitis
