IRSC MCB2010 LATEST UPDATED 2025/2026 Exam 1WITH COMPLETE Questions & SURE VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100% GRADED AT A+ SCORE!!

IRSC MCB2010 LATEST UPDATED 2025/2026 Exam 1WITH COMPLETE Questions & SURE VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100% GRADED AT A+ SCORE!! 1. classifications of microbes - ANSWER bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and small multicellular animals 2. redi's experiments - ANSWER allowed people to doubt aristotles theory because when decaying meat kept from flies no maggots developed 3. needham's experiments - ANSWER scientists agreed large animals couldnt rise from spontaneity, but believed microbes could; example with gravy and infusion of plant material reinforced this idea 4. spallanzi's experiments - ANSWER contradicted needham, all living things arise from other living things, needham failed to heat vials sufficiently to kill all microbes 5. pasteur's experiments - ANSWER performed with swan neck flasks, when flasks remained upright no microbial growth appeared, but when it was tilted dust from bend in the neck would seep into flask and made infusion cloudy with microbes within a day 6. scientific method - ANSWER observation, question, hypothesis, tested thru ex, results accepted= theory/law disproved= rejected/modified 7. pastuerization - ANSWER process of heating liquids just enough to kill most bacteria and began field of industrial microbiology 8. bacteria & archaea - ANSWER prokaryotes, unicellular & lack nucleus, much smaller than eukaryotes, found in moist environments & isolated extreme conditions, asexual repro, bacteria has peptidoglycan cell wall while archaea does not 9. 2 types of prokaryotes - ANSWER bacteria and archaea 10. fungi - ANSWER eukaryotic (membrane bound nucleus), obtain food from other organisms, possess cell walls, and include: molds (multicellular; grow as long filaments; repro by sexual and asexual spores) & yeasts (unicellular; repro asexually by budding and some produce sexual spores) 11. molds - ANSWER fungi; multicellular; grow as long filaments; repro by asexual and sexual spores 12. yeasts - ANSWER fungi; unicellular; repro asexually by budding and some produce sexual spores 13. protozoa - ANSWER single-celled eukaryotes that lack a cell wall and are similar to animals in their nutritional needs and structure, mostly asexual repro but some sexual, locomotion by pseudopods, cilia, and flagella 14. pseudopods - ANSWER false feet, means of locomotion, flow in direction of travel 15. cila - ANSWER numerous short protrusions that propel organism 16. flagella - ANSWER extension of cell that are fewer, longer, and more whiplike than cilia 17. algae - ANSWER unicellular or multicellular, photosynthetic, simple repro structures, categorized on basis of pigmentation and composition of cell wall 18. other organisms of importance - ANSWER parasites and viruses 19. three processes scientists thought living things arose from - ANSWER asexual, sexual, and non living matter 20. who proposed that living things could arise from non living matter - ANSWER aristotle 21. industrial microbiology - ANSWER branch of microbiology in which microbes are manipulated to manufacture useful products 22. buchner's experiments - ANSWER demonstrated it doesnt require living cells for fermentation and showed enzymes promote chemical reactions & began field of biochemistry 23. germ theory of disease - ANSWER developed by pasteur, some diseases caused by specific germs called pathogens 24. koch's experiments - ANSWER -studied causative agents of disease (etiology) and demonstrated a bacterium caused anthrax & examined colonies of microorganisms -simple staining techs -1st photomicrograph of bacteria -1st photograph of bacteria in diseased tissue -techniques of estimating bacterial number in a solution -use of steam to sterilize growth media -use of petri dishes and lab techniques to transfer bacteria -bacteria as distinct species 25. grams stains - ANSWER most widely used staining technique and one of the 1st step to identify a bacterium 26. antoni van leeuwenhoek - ANSWER began making simple microscopes, often make a new one for each specimen, examined