institutions to regulate behavior, ensure order, and resolve disputes.Ethical dilemmas
often arise when an individual or organization faces a situation in which different mora
principles conflict, or where there is no clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile,
come into play when actions conflict with established laws or legal norms. The challeng
arises in balancing both ethical and legal considerations when making decisions.### 2
**Ethical Issues in Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and lega
issues are particularly pronounced. Medical professionals regularly face situations that
require them to make complex decisions that not only have life-altering consequences
for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1
**Patient Autonomy and Informed
01: Nursing Today
Chapter 01: Nursing Today
Potter et al.: Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ANS: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red
Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:5
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing practices.
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of
nursing practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
,d. Implementation
ANS: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to
the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the assessment
data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse implements
(carries out) the identified plan.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Planning
institutions to regulate behavior, ensure order, and resolve disputes.Ethical dilemmas often arise when an
individual or organization faces a situation in which different moral principles conflict, or where there is no
clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play when actions conflict with established laws
or legal norms. The challenge arises in balancing both ethical and legal considerations when making
decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issues in Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal
issues are particularly pronounced. Medical professionals regularly face situations that require them to
make complex decisions that not only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise profound
moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed
MSC:Management of Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is
the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
,ANS: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is an
example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is
able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous
experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care required
by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a competent
practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse who has
had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This experience may only
be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles of
nursing care.
institutions to regulate behavior, ensure order, and resolve disputes.Ethical dilemmas often arise when an
individual or organization faces a situation in which different moral principles conflict, or where there is
no clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play when actions conflict with established
laws or legal norms. The challenge arises in balancing both ethical and legal considerations when making
decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issues in Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal
issues are particularly pronounced. Medical professionals regularly face situations that require them to
make complex decisions that not only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise profound
moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed
DIF:Apply (application)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Evaluation
MSC:Management of Care
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids. The
nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
, ANS: B
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN
candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN®. Beyond the NCLEX-RN®, the nurse may choose to work
toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are
responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
DIF:Apply (application)REF:3
institutions to regulate behavior, ensure order, and resolve disputes.Ethical dilemmas often arise when an individ
or organization faces a situation in which different moral principles conflict, or where there is no clear "right"
answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play when actions conflict with established laws or legal norms. The
challenge arises in balancing both ethical and legal considerations when making decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issue
in Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal issues are particularly pronounced. Medic
professionals regularly face situations that require them to make complex decisions that not only have life-alterin
consequences for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient
Autonomy and Informed
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation
MSC:Management of Care
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B
A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and
has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or facility. As an
often arise when an individual or organization faces a situation in which different mora
principles conflict, or where there is no clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile,
come into play when actions conflict with established laws or legal norms. The challeng
arises in balancing both ethical and legal considerations when making decisions.### 2
**Ethical Issues in Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and lega
issues are particularly pronounced. Medical professionals regularly face situations that
require them to make complex decisions that not only have life-altering consequences
for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1
**Patient Autonomy and Informed
01: Nursing Today
Chapter 01: Nursing Today
Potter et al.: Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ANS: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red
Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:5
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing practices.
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of
nursing practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
,d. Implementation
ANS: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to
the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the assessment
data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse implements
(carries out) the identified plan.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Planning
institutions to regulate behavior, ensure order, and resolve disputes.Ethical dilemmas often arise when an
individual or organization faces a situation in which different moral principles conflict, or where there is no
clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play when actions conflict with established laws
or legal norms. The challenge arises in balancing both ethical and legal considerations when making
decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issues in Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal
issues are particularly pronounced. Medical professionals regularly face situations that require them to
make complex decisions that not only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise profound
moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed
MSC:Management of Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is
the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
,ANS: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is an
example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is
able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous
experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care required
by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a competent
practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse who has
had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This experience may only
be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles of
nursing care.
institutions to regulate behavior, ensure order, and resolve disputes.Ethical dilemmas often arise when an
individual or organization faces a situation in which different moral principles conflict, or where there is
no clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play when actions conflict with established
laws or legal norms. The challenge arises in balancing both ethical and legal considerations when making
decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issues in Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal
issues are particularly pronounced. Medical professionals regularly face situations that require them to
make complex decisions that not only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise profound
moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed
DIF:Apply (application)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Evaluation
MSC:Management of Care
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids. The
nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
, ANS: B
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN
candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN®. Beyond the NCLEX-RN®, the nurse may choose to work
toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are
responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
DIF:Apply (application)REF:3
institutions to regulate behavior, ensure order, and resolve disputes.Ethical dilemmas often arise when an individ
or organization faces a situation in which different moral principles conflict, or where there is no clear "right"
answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play when actions conflict with established laws or legal norms. The
challenge arises in balancing both ethical and legal considerations when making decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issue
in Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal issues are particularly pronounced. Medic
professionals regularly face situations that require them to make complex decisions that not only have life-alterin
consequences for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient
Autonomy and Informed
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation
MSC:Management of Care
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B
A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and
has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or facility. As an
