PCT Fresenius exam | 2025-2026 LATEST UPDATED|141 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% RATED CORRECT |
100% VERFIED | ALREADY GRADED A+
characteristics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) - (answer)-develops slowly
-progresses over time
-permanent/irreversible
-main causes of CKD include diabetes (#1 cause), and hypertension
characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI) - (answer)-sudden onset
-possible recovery timeframe of 180 days
-can be reversed
-main causes of AKI include accident/trauma, infection (COVID, sepsis), and
toxins
what eGFR requires dialysis? - (answer)eGFR of less than 15
,what are the main functions of the kidney? - (answer)-produce hormones (EPO,
vitamin D)
-filter waste and toxins (urea, creatinine)
-maintain fluid and electrolyte balance (K+, Na+, Ca+)
what are some symptoms of renal failure? - (answer)-fatigue
-poor appetite
-SOB
-change in urination
-difficulty concentrating
parts of the urinary system include - (answer)kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
treatment options for patients with CKD or AKI include - (answer)1. incenter
hemodialysis
2. home dialysis
3. peritoneal dialysis
,4. renal transplant
5. palliative care
what vessel pulls blood? - (answer)arterial
what vessel returns/gives blood? - (answer)venous
blood is _______, and dialysate is ________ - (answer)sterile, clean
types of vascular accesses - (answer)-arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
-arteriovenous graft (AVG)
-central venous catheter (CVC)
characteristics of an AVF - (answer)-surgical connection between an artery and
vein
-"gold standard" access
, -can be created within the wrist, arm, forearm, and thigh
-6-12 week maturity period before 1st cannulation
-no risk of allergic reaction, lowest rate of infection/complication
-long lifespan
the surgical connection between the vessels of a fistula is called -
(answer)anastomosis
characteristics of an AVG - (answer)-synthetic, biosimilar tube placed in the body
-typically placed in the forearm, upper arm, thigh, necklace
-doesn't take long to mature
-can wear out over time
-higher risk of thrombosis*
-elevated risk of allergic reaction
-can be used 24 hours after placement (with sterile technique)
-can be cannulated with a 16g needle after 4 weeks
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% RATED CORRECT |
100% VERFIED | ALREADY GRADED A+
characteristics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) - (answer)-develops slowly
-progresses over time
-permanent/irreversible
-main causes of CKD include diabetes (#1 cause), and hypertension
characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI) - (answer)-sudden onset
-possible recovery timeframe of 180 days
-can be reversed
-main causes of AKI include accident/trauma, infection (COVID, sepsis), and
toxins
what eGFR requires dialysis? - (answer)eGFR of less than 15
,what are the main functions of the kidney? - (answer)-produce hormones (EPO,
vitamin D)
-filter waste and toxins (urea, creatinine)
-maintain fluid and electrolyte balance (K+, Na+, Ca+)
what are some symptoms of renal failure? - (answer)-fatigue
-poor appetite
-SOB
-change in urination
-difficulty concentrating
parts of the urinary system include - (answer)kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
treatment options for patients with CKD or AKI include - (answer)1. incenter
hemodialysis
2. home dialysis
3. peritoneal dialysis
,4. renal transplant
5. palliative care
what vessel pulls blood? - (answer)arterial
what vessel returns/gives blood? - (answer)venous
blood is _______, and dialysate is ________ - (answer)sterile, clean
types of vascular accesses - (answer)-arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
-arteriovenous graft (AVG)
-central venous catheter (CVC)
characteristics of an AVF - (answer)-surgical connection between an artery and
vein
-"gold standard" access
, -can be created within the wrist, arm, forearm, and thigh
-6-12 week maturity period before 1st cannulation
-no risk of allergic reaction, lowest rate of infection/complication
-long lifespan
the surgical connection between the vessels of a fistula is called -
(answer)anastomosis
characteristics of an AVG - (answer)-synthetic, biosimilar tube placed in the body
-typically placed in the forearm, upper arm, thigh, necklace
-doesn't take long to mature
-can wear out over time
-higher risk of thrombosis*
-elevated risk of allergic reaction
-can be used 24 hours after placement (with sterile technique)
-can be cannulated with a 16g needle after 4 weeks
