Class notes PHY103 (PHY103) Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology

GENETIC CONTROL OF


PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND


CELL REPRODUCTION

Contents:
Structure of DNA
RNA and its Types
Cell Cycle
DNA Replication
Mitosis & Meiosis
Protein Synthesis
Genetic and Enzyme Regulation




MedNotes by Tehreem

, Nucleus → Genes → DNA → RNA → Proteins


Genes control heredity and cellular functions by Protein
Synthesis.
Human body has approximately 20,000-25,000 genes
that code for Proteins in each cell, producing 100,000
different types of proteins.
Proteins are Structural (form intracellular structures
with lipids and carbohydrates) and Functional (supply
energy to cell, synthesize lipids, glycogen, & ATP).

Transcription + Translation + Protein synthesis = Gene Expression


The process of Protein Synthesis lasts around 36-48
hours, from DNA Replication that takes 4-8 hours to
be completed to Mitosis which takes only 30 minutes
to complete. Transcriptions and Translations also
occurs within minutes, although PTMs (post-
translation modifications) take longer.


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, DNA & RNA




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