SACP- Pain OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT FINAL EXAM 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS!! LATEST VERSION

SACP- Pain OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT FINAL EXAM 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS!! LATEST VERSION 1. pain - ANSWER an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. When it is present and unrelenting, whether acute or chronic, it overtakes and includes every other life experience at that time. 2. physiological pain - ANSWER increased HR, BP, vocalization 3. chronic pain - ANSWER result of diseases including: - OA -cancer chronic otitis -IVDD -degloving injuries -phantom limb pain 4. behavioral pain - ANSWER -restlessness -anorexia -insomnia -depression -agitated when handled -aggression 5. malignant pain - ANSWER serious health restrictions and require more opioids and additional medications. Pain is result of invasion of tumor into dense areas of primary afferent neurons or peripheral nerve plexus 6. clinical pain - ANSWER -tachycardia -tachypnea -increased BP -posturing -frequent movement -facial expression -trembling -poor MM -chewing -staring at trauma -salivation -miosis -nausea 7. non-malignant pain - ANSWER classified as inflammatory, muskoskeletal, and neuropathic. 8. pain scales and assessing pain - ANSWER -monitor physiological, behavioral, clinical, and dysphoric parameters -accurately record parameters, scales, and response to treatment 9. two kinds of chronic pain - ANSWER -malignant -non-malignant 10. monitor physiological, behavioral, clinical, and dysphoric parameters - ANSWER -monitor every 4-6 hours -post operative patients every 30 minutes -preferably by same person 11. clinical signs of non-malignant pain - ANSWER - spontaneous lancinating pain -shooting and burning pain -hyperanalgesia -allodynia 12. pain - ANSWER usually localized physical suffering associated with bodily disorder (such as disease or an injury), also a basic bodily sensation induced by a noxious stimulus, received by naked nerve endings, characterized by physical discomfort, and typically leading to evasive action the pain of bee stings 13. managment of malignant and non-malignant pain - ANSWER multimodal, attacking central sensitization and windup 14. hindrances of chronic pain management include - ANSWER -lack of appreciation of pain -inability to properly asses -lack of knowledge of drugs -lack of communication with clients -lack of re-evaluation -underuse of staff 15. opioids - ANSWER bind to opioid receptors 16. opioid receptors - ANSWER mu, delta, kappa 17. pain medications - ANSWER provide analgesia due to decreased reaction to pain, increased pain tolerance 18. side effects of pain medications - ANSWER -sedation -constipation -respiratory depression 19. Methadone - ANSWER -synthetic analgesic and antitussive -causes less histamine release -used as preanesthetic 20. oxymorphone - ANSWER -lasts 4-6 hours -semisynthetic analgesic (100x potency of morphine) -not used in horses -causes exaggerated motor responses -less respiratory depression and cough suppression 21. Hydromorphone - ANSWER -analgesia for 2-4 hours -same potency as oxymorphone -has antinorciceptive effects in cats without dysphoria or behavioral changes 22. meperidine - ANSWER -analgesia for 2-3 hours -causes decrease in intracranial pressure -primates are very sensitive 23. butorphanol - ANSWER -synthetic with both narcotic and antagonist properties -duration of 4-6 hours -potency 3-5 x morphine -causes respiratory depression -very effective antitussive 24. buprenorphine - ANSWER -opioid agonist-antagonist -potency 100x morphine -duration is 8-12 hours -cause respiratory depression and drowsiness -used for long duration 25. pentazocine - ANSWER -agonist and antagonist properties -1/3 potency of morphine -duration of 2 hours -mildly supresses respiratory and CV system 26. nalbuphine - ANSWER -synthetic agonist-antagonist -reverses sedation but not analgesia -can be given 15-30 minutes prior to anesthetic recovery -duration of 3-8 hours -minimal respiratory and CV depression 27. NSAIDs - ANSWER effects include antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory 28. COX-1 - ANSWER found in almost all tissues; involved in "housekeeping" functions such as cytoprotective effects in the gastric mucosa, normal platelet function, and maintenance of renal perfusion 29. COX-2 - ANSWER has an important role in helaing damaged mucosa in the GI tract 30. acetominophen - ANSWER -never use in cats -provides analgesia but not anti-inflammatory effects in dogs -acts centrally at the COX-1 variant COX-3 -does not affect prostaglandin synthesis at other peripheral sites -combines with various opioids 31. carprofen - ANSWER -limited COX inhibitory action with potent analgesia and anti-inflammatory effects -exact mode of action is not well understood -COX-2 selective -may have significant effects on CNS COX activity 32. pain score of 0 - ANSWER -comfortable when resting -happy, content -not bothering wound or surgery site -interested in or curious about surroundings -non-tender -minimal body tension