UF BSC2011 Exam 2 – Animals questions with
accurate answers
1st law of thermodynamics Ans✓✓✓ The principle of conservation of
energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be
created or destroyed.
2nd law of thermodynamics Ans✓✓✓ Every energy transfer or
transformation increases the entropy of the universe. An input of energy
is required to maintain order.
3 types of muscle tissue Ans✓✓✓ skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Actin Ans✓✓✓ thin filaments of sarcomeres, are circled by
tropomyosin and troponin, is where myosin heads attach and perform the
power stroke.
Action Potential Ans✓✓✓ the change in electrical potential associated
with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or
nerve cell, is caused by the opening of voltage-gated channels, and the
rushing in of Na ions, lasts only a few milliseconds
afferent pathway Ans✓✓✓ Pathway of receptor to control center
Ammonia in the body Ans✓✓✓ Is produced by protein and nucleic acid
metabolism, is highly toxic, is converted to less toxic forms (Not
,converted in aquatic animals, Urea in mammals, Uric acid in animals
that lay eggs), MUST be excreted, is highly water soluble
amphibian circulatory system Ans✓✓✓ Amphibians have a 3-
chambered heart that consists of two atria and one ventricles, causes
blood to mix (deoxygenated and oxygenated) before it is pumped
through the body, but does allow for a second pump.
antidiuresis Ans✓✓✓ suppression and reduction of the volume of urine
produced by the kidneys, for animals that need to conserve water, high
ADH, many aquaporins, U/P > 1
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Ans✓✓✓ Hormone produced by the
neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus that stimulates water
reabsorption from kidney tubule cells into the blood and
vasoconstriction of arterioles, it does this by adding aquaporins to the
distal tubule.
Artery Ans✓✓✓ A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
atrioventricular node (AV) Ans✓✓✓ Located in the lower wall of the
right atrium and sends an impulse that results in the contraction of the
ventricles
autonomic nervous system Ans✓✓✓ the part of the peripheral nervous
system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs
, (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic
division calms.
axon hillock Ans✓✓✓ Cone shaped region of an axon where it joins the
cell body, where the action potential begins
Benefits of multicellularity Ans✓✓✓ Allows cells to differentiate and
to serve a particular function. Allows for more compelx structures such
as tissues and organs to form (division of labor)
Bird Lungs Ans✓✓✓ multiple air sacs improve efficiency - air moves
in a single direction over lung surfaces, have countercurrent gas/blood
exchange, better than mammal lungs because they fly at high altitudes
with lower partial pressures of O2.
Bulk Flow Ans✓✓✓ The movement of a fluid or gas due to a
difference in pressure between two locations. Describes the movement
of O2 into the lungs and through the blood of those with circulatory
systems. It is necessary because diffusion is quick across short distances
but slow to far ones.
bundle of muscle fibers Ans✓✓✓ The larger portion of a muscle that is
made up of many myofibrils
Calcium in muscle contraction Ans✓✓✓ When there are no Ca2+ ions
present, the troponin, and tropomyosin blocks the Ca2+ G-protein
accurate answers
1st law of thermodynamics Ans✓✓✓ The principle of conservation of
energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be
created or destroyed.
2nd law of thermodynamics Ans✓✓✓ Every energy transfer or
transformation increases the entropy of the universe. An input of energy
is required to maintain order.
3 types of muscle tissue Ans✓✓✓ skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Actin Ans✓✓✓ thin filaments of sarcomeres, are circled by
tropomyosin and troponin, is where myosin heads attach and perform the
power stroke.
Action Potential Ans✓✓✓ the change in electrical potential associated
with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or
nerve cell, is caused by the opening of voltage-gated channels, and the
rushing in of Na ions, lasts only a few milliseconds
afferent pathway Ans✓✓✓ Pathway of receptor to control center
Ammonia in the body Ans✓✓✓ Is produced by protein and nucleic acid
metabolism, is highly toxic, is converted to less toxic forms (Not
,converted in aquatic animals, Urea in mammals, Uric acid in animals
that lay eggs), MUST be excreted, is highly water soluble
amphibian circulatory system Ans✓✓✓ Amphibians have a 3-
chambered heart that consists of two atria and one ventricles, causes
blood to mix (deoxygenated and oxygenated) before it is pumped
through the body, but does allow for a second pump.
antidiuresis Ans✓✓✓ suppression and reduction of the volume of urine
produced by the kidneys, for animals that need to conserve water, high
ADH, many aquaporins, U/P > 1
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Ans✓✓✓ Hormone produced by the
neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus that stimulates water
reabsorption from kidney tubule cells into the blood and
vasoconstriction of arterioles, it does this by adding aquaporins to the
distal tubule.
Artery Ans✓✓✓ A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
atrioventricular node (AV) Ans✓✓✓ Located in the lower wall of the
right atrium and sends an impulse that results in the contraction of the
ventricles
autonomic nervous system Ans✓✓✓ the part of the peripheral nervous
system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs
, (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic
division calms.
axon hillock Ans✓✓✓ Cone shaped region of an axon where it joins the
cell body, where the action potential begins
Benefits of multicellularity Ans✓✓✓ Allows cells to differentiate and
to serve a particular function. Allows for more compelx structures such
as tissues and organs to form (division of labor)
Bird Lungs Ans✓✓✓ multiple air sacs improve efficiency - air moves
in a single direction over lung surfaces, have countercurrent gas/blood
exchange, better than mammal lungs because they fly at high altitudes
with lower partial pressures of O2.
Bulk Flow Ans✓✓✓ The movement of a fluid or gas due to a
difference in pressure between two locations. Describes the movement
of O2 into the lungs and through the blood of those with circulatory
systems. It is necessary because diffusion is quick across short distances
but slow to far ones.
bundle of muscle fibers Ans✓✓✓ The larger portion of a muscle that is
made up of many myofibrils
Calcium in muscle contraction Ans✓✓✓ When there are no Ca2+ ions
present, the troponin, and tropomyosin blocks the Ca2+ G-protein
