Course: Family Planning
Course Code: MID 313
Placement: Third Year (1st Semester)
Duration: 75 Hours
Lecture : 30 Hours
Practical: 45 Hours
Credit Unit: 3 Units
Course Objectives
At the end of course, the students should be able to:
1. Explain the concept of Family Planning
2. Discuss the demographic indices in relation to Family Planning needs of the nation.
3. Discuss the various Family Planning Methods.
4. Demonstrate skills in Family PlanningServices
Apply the principles of management in the organization and operation of Family Planning
Clinics.
UNIT IV: Family Planning Methods
● Traditional methods
● Natural methods
● Modern methods (Artificial methods)
○ Hormonals, (orals, injectables and implants)
○ Male Hormonal Contraceptive (Testosterone Enanthate, Gossypol and
Triptolide). Injectables: Progestin, Depo-provera, Sayanapress or DMPA-SC
○ Implants: Implanon, Jadelle, Levoplant.
○ IUCD (Technique of insertion, maintenance and removal).
○ Barrier methods: (Diaphragm, condoms, cervical caps, foaming tablets, form
jellies and creams) emphasizing the following:
○ Method of administration, mode of action, advantages and disadvantages,
effectiveness, side effects, indications and contra-indications, major
complications, client instruction, referral of clients with major complication,
associated problems and management.
● Surgical methods (Bilateral tubal litigation and vasectomy)
○ Pre and post operative management
● Post Emergency contraceptive methods
● Dual protection for HIV clients
● Follow up: schedule appointments, defaulters
● Record keeping/statistics and reporting
,UNIT V: Reproductive Health Condition
● Treatment and referral of:
○ Pregnancy
○ Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
○ Cervical erosion
○ Tumour
○ Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) AND Human Immunodeficiency Virus /
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS)
● Identification and referral of infertile couples
, METHODS OF FAMILY PLANNING
Overview
Family planning methods aim to help individuals and couples control their fertility, choosing
when and how many children to have, and preventing unintended pregnancies. These methods
range from modern contraceptives like hormonal pills and IUDs to natural techniques like fertility
awareness and abstinence. A crucial aspect of family planning is making informed choices
about reproductive health.
Key facts (5 September 2023)
● Among the 1.9 billion women of reproductive age group (15–49 years) worldwide in 2021, 1.1
billion have a need for family planning; of these, 874 million are using modern contraceptive
methods, and 164 million have an unmet need for contraception (1).
● The proportion of the need for family planning satisfied by modern methods, Sustainable
Development Goals (SDG) indicator 3.7.1, has stagnated globally at around 77% from 2015
to 2022 but increased from 52% to 58% in sub-Saharan Africa (2).
● Only one contraceptive method, condoms, can prevent both a pregnancy and the
transmission of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
● Use of contraception advances the human right of people to determine the number and
spacing of their children.
● In 2022, global contraceptive prevalence of any method was estimated at 65% and of
modern methods at 58.7% for married or in a union women (3).
Definition
Family planning is defined as a conscious effort by a couple to limit or space the number of
children they want to have through the use of contraceptive methods.
These are the methods considered to be used in family planning.
There are of three methods known to man;
1. Traditional Contraceptive Methods
2. Natural Family Planning Methods
3. Modern Contraceptive Methods
Traditional Methods (TM)/ Traditional Contraceptive Methods (TCM)
Nigeria is Africa's most populous country, with a current population of approximately 193 million
people. The current total fertility rate in Nigeria is estimated to be 5.144 births per woman as at
2022.
In 2024, Nigeria's population is approximately 234 million people. Attempts to control the
increase in population started from the early men.
, Evidence from medical history indicates that our forefathers did space their children through
traditional means, and the traditional methods of family planning had been handed down from
generation to generation.
In developing nations like Nigeria, children are valued as they not only demonstrate the
masculinity of the men but equally provide the extra useful hands in communities where
agriculture is the major source of income.
In addition, aged parents and extended family relations depend on their children for care at old
age hence reluctance to limit birth. These methods have been used for generations and are
often rooted in cultural beliefs and practices.
Although many of these traditional methods of family planning have no harmful effects on a
woman's health, some however, do have dangerous or counterproductive effects. In addition,
the complete effectiveness of many of the traditional methods remains doubtful.
Before the introduction of modern methods, Africans had methods of fertility regulation. Nigerian
culture, in attempts to regulate women's fertility, traditional methods used include;
● Many Myths
● Rituals
● The Use of Herbs
● Coitus interruptus in some communities
● Waistbands and other "impediments"
● Polygamy
● Other remedies
Herbal remedies: Various herbs and plant extracts are used traditionally to regulate
menstruation, delay ovulation, or prevent conception.
Coitus interruptus: Withdrawal of the penis before ejaculation is another traditional method
used in some communities.
Waistbands and other "impediments": Some traditional practices involve using waistbands
or other devices to prevent pregnancy.
Polygamy: In polygamous households, the practice of having multiple wives may be seen as a
way to avoid forcing one woman to have too many children.
Other remedies: Some communities use other local remedies, such as soapy foams, fish and
wood pulp concoctions, or scarification with herbs, for family planning purposes.
Important Considerations
Effectiveness:
The effectiveness of these traditional methods can vary widely and is often not as reliable as
modern contraceptive methods.
Cultural and religious factors:
Traditional practices are deeply rooted in cultural and religious beliefs, and their use can be
influenced by these factors.
Health risks:
Some traditional methods, particularly those involving herbs or other local remedies, may carry
health risks if not used properly or if the herbs are not of good quality.
Course Code: MID 313
Placement: Third Year (1st Semester)
Duration: 75 Hours
Lecture : 30 Hours
Practical: 45 Hours
Credit Unit: 3 Units
Course Objectives
At the end of course, the students should be able to:
1. Explain the concept of Family Planning
2. Discuss the demographic indices in relation to Family Planning needs of the nation.
3. Discuss the various Family Planning Methods.
4. Demonstrate skills in Family PlanningServices
Apply the principles of management in the organization and operation of Family Planning
Clinics.
UNIT IV: Family Planning Methods
● Traditional methods
● Natural methods
● Modern methods (Artificial methods)
○ Hormonals, (orals, injectables and implants)
○ Male Hormonal Contraceptive (Testosterone Enanthate, Gossypol and
Triptolide). Injectables: Progestin, Depo-provera, Sayanapress or DMPA-SC
○ Implants: Implanon, Jadelle, Levoplant.
○ IUCD (Technique of insertion, maintenance and removal).
○ Barrier methods: (Diaphragm, condoms, cervical caps, foaming tablets, form
jellies and creams) emphasizing the following:
○ Method of administration, mode of action, advantages and disadvantages,
effectiveness, side effects, indications and contra-indications, major
complications, client instruction, referral of clients with major complication,
associated problems and management.
● Surgical methods (Bilateral tubal litigation and vasectomy)
○ Pre and post operative management
● Post Emergency contraceptive methods
● Dual protection for HIV clients
● Follow up: schedule appointments, defaulters
● Record keeping/statistics and reporting
,UNIT V: Reproductive Health Condition
● Treatment and referral of:
○ Pregnancy
○ Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
○ Cervical erosion
○ Tumour
○ Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) AND Human Immunodeficiency Virus /
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS)
● Identification and referral of infertile couples
, METHODS OF FAMILY PLANNING
Overview
Family planning methods aim to help individuals and couples control their fertility, choosing
when and how many children to have, and preventing unintended pregnancies. These methods
range from modern contraceptives like hormonal pills and IUDs to natural techniques like fertility
awareness and abstinence. A crucial aspect of family planning is making informed choices
about reproductive health.
Key facts (5 September 2023)
● Among the 1.9 billion women of reproductive age group (15–49 years) worldwide in 2021, 1.1
billion have a need for family planning; of these, 874 million are using modern contraceptive
methods, and 164 million have an unmet need for contraception (1).
● The proportion of the need for family planning satisfied by modern methods, Sustainable
Development Goals (SDG) indicator 3.7.1, has stagnated globally at around 77% from 2015
to 2022 but increased from 52% to 58% in sub-Saharan Africa (2).
● Only one contraceptive method, condoms, can prevent both a pregnancy and the
transmission of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
● Use of contraception advances the human right of people to determine the number and
spacing of their children.
● In 2022, global contraceptive prevalence of any method was estimated at 65% and of
modern methods at 58.7% for married or in a union women (3).
Definition
Family planning is defined as a conscious effort by a couple to limit or space the number of
children they want to have through the use of contraceptive methods.
These are the methods considered to be used in family planning.
There are of three methods known to man;
1. Traditional Contraceptive Methods
2. Natural Family Planning Methods
3. Modern Contraceptive Methods
Traditional Methods (TM)/ Traditional Contraceptive Methods (TCM)
Nigeria is Africa's most populous country, with a current population of approximately 193 million
people. The current total fertility rate in Nigeria is estimated to be 5.144 births per woman as at
2022.
In 2024, Nigeria's population is approximately 234 million people. Attempts to control the
increase in population started from the early men.
, Evidence from medical history indicates that our forefathers did space their children through
traditional means, and the traditional methods of family planning had been handed down from
generation to generation.
In developing nations like Nigeria, children are valued as they not only demonstrate the
masculinity of the men but equally provide the extra useful hands in communities where
agriculture is the major source of income.
In addition, aged parents and extended family relations depend on their children for care at old
age hence reluctance to limit birth. These methods have been used for generations and are
often rooted in cultural beliefs and practices.
Although many of these traditional methods of family planning have no harmful effects on a
woman's health, some however, do have dangerous or counterproductive effects. In addition,
the complete effectiveness of many of the traditional methods remains doubtful.
Before the introduction of modern methods, Africans had methods of fertility regulation. Nigerian
culture, in attempts to regulate women's fertility, traditional methods used include;
● Many Myths
● Rituals
● The Use of Herbs
● Coitus interruptus in some communities
● Waistbands and other "impediments"
● Polygamy
● Other remedies
Herbal remedies: Various herbs and plant extracts are used traditionally to regulate
menstruation, delay ovulation, or prevent conception.
Coitus interruptus: Withdrawal of the penis before ejaculation is another traditional method
used in some communities.
Waistbands and other "impediments": Some traditional practices involve using waistbands
or other devices to prevent pregnancy.
Polygamy: In polygamous households, the practice of having multiple wives may be seen as a
way to avoid forcing one woman to have too many children.
Other remedies: Some communities use other local remedies, such as soapy foams, fish and
wood pulp concoctions, or scarification with herbs, for family planning purposes.
Important Considerations
Effectiveness:
The effectiveness of these traditional methods can vary widely and is often not as reliable as
modern contraceptive methods.
Cultural and religious factors:
Traditional practices are deeply rooted in cultural and religious beliefs, and their use can be
influenced by these factors.
Health risks:
Some traditional methods, particularly those involving herbs or other local remedies, may carry
health risks if not used properly or if the herbs are not of good quality.
