NRS 325 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
risk factors for developing cancer - (answer) age, smoking, infectious agents, genetic risks, radiation,
carcinogens, nutrition, physical activity, access to resources, socioeconomic status, social determinants
of health, insurance
significance of cell differentiation in cancer - (answer) cells differentiate in order to acquire a specific
cell function and become a more specialized type of cell
well differentiated cancer cells look less similar to advanced cells of tissue of origin, meaning neoplasm is
more advanced
undifferentiated cancer cells look more similar to advanced cells of tissue of origin, neoplasm is less
advanced
impact of free radicals on cell regulation and tissue damage - (answer) free radicals are caused by:
ischemia with acidosis, radiation, cellular aging, chronic inflammation, hyperglycemia
impact of free radicals: damages cell membranes, damages DNA nucleic acids
primary cancer prevention - (answer) reduction of risk factors in individuals and populations
secondary cancer prevention - (answer) application of a test to a population that has no overt signs or
symptoms of the disease in question in order to detect disease at a stage when treatment is more
effective
general role of screening in cancer prevention - (answer) to detect the presence of cancer while the
disease is still in a treatable stage
benign tumors - (answer) not cancerous
characteristics of benign tumors - (answer) tends to retain most of the morphologic and functional
characteristics of the normal cells from which they were derived, not capable of metastasis
malignant tumors - (answer) canceorus
,NRS 325 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
characteristics of malignant tumors - (answer) cells have abnormal growth patterns, multiple abnormal
functions, and the ability to disseminate to distant sites
TNM classification system - (answer) T-- size of the tumor
N-- has it spread to regional or distant lymph nodes?
M-- has it metastasized?
each category is assigned a number, the combination of this data determines the stage of cancer
Nursing care of patients undergoing radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy (including side
effects, how nursing care differs) - (answer) radiation: patient education and management of
symptoms
chemotherapy: assessment and education of patient, handling and administration of chemotherapeutic
agents, management of side effects, management of psychosocial issues
phospholipid bilayer (what does it do) - (answer) two layers of lipids that create the cell membrane
interior is hydrophobic and exterior is hydrophilic
hydrophilic - (answer) loves water
hydrophobic - (answer) hates water
process of apoptosis - (answer) programmed cell death, usually in response to unrepairable replication
errors
process of lysis - (answer) rupture of the cell membrane resulting in the release of cellular contents
how does impaired cellular regulation influence a patient's susceptibility to infection? - (answer)
altered cellular regulation may impact immune response and increase susceptibility to infection
, NRS 325 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
what can the nurse do to help reduce the likelihood of infection in patient's with disorders related to
impaired cellular regulation? - (answer) monitor for anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, monitor
fluid and nutrition, wash hands
what is the relationship between poor coping abilities and disorders of cell regulation? - (answer) poor
coping abilities are often related to stress which can impact the immune system, the state of an
individuals immune system can determine whether or not a neoplasm develops and if it metastasizes
identify three safety concerns specific to the patient with a disorder related to impaired cellular
regulation - (answer) nutrition and fluids
fall risk
high infection risk
how can the nurse promote safety for the patient with a disorder of cellular regulation? - (answer)
encourage hygiene practices for patients and loved ones, offer frequent small meals and small amounts
of fluid, instruct patient to not push themselves physically
describe pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic comfort measures that can be used by a patient with a
cancer diagnosis - (answer) pharmacologic: anti naseau, pain medication
non-pharmacologic: resting, additional therapies (acupuncture, etc.)
describe how the normal developmental tasks of an adolescent could be affect by a diagnosis of cancer -
(answer) adolescents and children have specific developmental milestones that must be
monitored/assessed during treatment
assess when the patient is feeling well to make sure the results are accurate
what is the main difference in the cell cycle between neoplastic tumors and healthy tissue? - (answer)
in neoplastic tumors the proportion of cells that have committed to the cell cycle and are in active cell
division is much higher than normal tissues (the process of cell division is the same)
tumor angiogenesis - (answer) formation of blood vessels by the tumor that are connected to blood
vessels already present in the body, "steal" oxygen and other nutrients
DETAILED ANSWERS
risk factors for developing cancer - (answer) age, smoking, infectious agents, genetic risks, radiation,
carcinogens, nutrition, physical activity, access to resources, socioeconomic status, social determinants
of health, insurance
significance of cell differentiation in cancer - (answer) cells differentiate in order to acquire a specific
cell function and become a more specialized type of cell
well differentiated cancer cells look less similar to advanced cells of tissue of origin, meaning neoplasm is
more advanced
undifferentiated cancer cells look more similar to advanced cells of tissue of origin, neoplasm is less
advanced
impact of free radicals on cell regulation and tissue damage - (answer) free radicals are caused by:
ischemia with acidosis, radiation, cellular aging, chronic inflammation, hyperglycemia
impact of free radicals: damages cell membranes, damages DNA nucleic acids
primary cancer prevention - (answer) reduction of risk factors in individuals and populations
secondary cancer prevention - (answer) application of a test to a population that has no overt signs or
symptoms of the disease in question in order to detect disease at a stage when treatment is more
effective
general role of screening in cancer prevention - (answer) to detect the presence of cancer while the
disease is still in a treatable stage
benign tumors - (answer) not cancerous
characteristics of benign tumors - (answer) tends to retain most of the morphologic and functional
characteristics of the normal cells from which they were derived, not capable of metastasis
malignant tumors - (answer) canceorus
,NRS 325 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
characteristics of malignant tumors - (answer) cells have abnormal growth patterns, multiple abnormal
functions, and the ability to disseminate to distant sites
TNM classification system - (answer) T-- size of the tumor
N-- has it spread to regional or distant lymph nodes?
M-- has it metastasized?
each category is assigned a number, the combination of this data determines the stage of cancer
Nursing care of patients undergoing radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy (including side
effects, how nursing care differs) - (answer) radiation: patient education and management of
symptoms
chemotherapy: assessment and education of patient, handling and administration of chemotherapeutic
agents, management of side effects, management of psychosocial issues
phospholipid bilayer (what does it do) - (answer) two layers of lipids that create the cell membrane
interior is hydrophobic and exterior is hydrophilic
hydrophilic - (answer) loves water
hydrophobic - (answer) hates water
process of apoptosis - (answer) programmed cell death, usually in response to unrepairable replication
errors
process of lysis - (answer) rupture of the cell membrane resulting in the release of cellular contents
how does impaired cellular regulation influence a patient's susceptibility to infection? - (answer)
altered cellular regulation may impact immune response and increase susceptibility to infection
, NRS 325 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
what can the nurse do to help reduce the likelihood of infection in patient's with disorders related to
impaired cellular regulation? - (answer) monitor for anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, monitor
fluid and nutrition, wash hands
what is the relationship between poor coping abilities and disorders of cell regulation? - (answer) poor
coping abilities are often related to stress which can impact the immune system, the state of an
individuals immune system can determine whether or not a neoplasm develops and if it metastasizes
identify three safety concerns specific to the patient with a disorder related to impaired cellular
regulation - (answer) nutrition and fluids
fall risk
high infection risk
how can the nurse promote safety for the patient with a disorder of cellular regulation? - (answer)
encourage hygiene practices for patients and loved ones, offer frequent small meals and small amounts
of fluid, instruct patient to not push themselves physically
describe pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic comfort measures that can be used by a patient with a
cancer diagnosis - (answer) pharmacologic: anti naseau, pain medication
non-pharmacologic: resting, additional therapies (acupuncture, etc.)
describe how the normal developmental tasks of an adolescent could be affect by a diagnosis of cancer -
(answer) adolescents and children have specific developmental milestones that must be
monitored/assessed during treatment
assess when the patient is feeling well to make sure the results are accurate
what is the main difference in the cell cycle between neoplastic tumors and healthy tissue? - (answer)
in neoplastic tumors the proportion of cells that have committed to the cell cycle and are in active cell
division is much higher than normal tissues (the process of cell division is the same)
tumor angiogenesis - (answer) formation of blood vessels by the tumor that are connected to blood
vessels already present in the body, "steal" oxygen and other nutrients
