Ionic Equilibrium
, # Equilibrium
Electrolytes conduct in molten
it
Electrolyte the substances which
electricity
·
are
state or ineolution .
Ex HU ,
Noll ,
KU ,
cycoon etc .
·
Non-electrolyteis
ifA
compound whose aqueous solution or melt does not conduct
called
electricity
a
you-electrolyte .
electrolyte It is defined dissociates almost
strong cubstance which
·
is as a
completely into ice in aqueous solution g NaOH KOK .
e
, , ,
Ha
, He soy etc.
Weak
·
electrolyte
of It is
defined as a
substance which diseuciates to a
small extent in aqueous solution eg NHYOH CHycon etc .
.
,
*
Amhers theory of Petrolic Miniation
.
dissolved in
spontaneously
=>
when an electrolyte is a solvent it
dissociates into oppositely
charged particles called ios ,
to a considerable
extent.
+
AB = A + i
i Since thepolution of an electrolyte as a whole in
electrically neutral
the total
charge
on cations is equal to the total
charge on the anios.
Degree
sociation
·
of one of the electrolyte thaa as
mole
dissociated under the conditions The value of depende on temperature
given . I ,
dilution of electrolyte , nature of electrolyte & solvent .
X = No .
of moles ionized
Total no .
of moles ,
taken
,*
Kwald's L of Dilution
law deals with the application of the law of mass action .
=> This
Let AB in weak
binary electrolyte containing in litre .
AB # A
+
+
B-
cmoles
in it Conc C
O O
Conc at Cl+-4) 6 X Ca
Equie
Kep =C.
C( +-x)
x
=
concentration I degree of dissociation
<
where ,
if <(1 then 1-1 =
1
: =c.k
Kep
#
Sept of End and Pe
theusstand
·
when dissolved in water ,
increasethe
concentration of Ht egot 14 , Hesoy , HNOzetc
Base if my substance when dissolved in water increases ,
the
concentration of 048 egit NaUH KOHetc
.
, .
·
Limitation ofheus is
is
It fail to explain the acidic and basic character of the substance
in solvents other than Ho ,
such as Liquid NHz liquid,
So2 & alcohol .
18 and with He0 molecule
i ion does not exist
independently combine
to
fam hydronium in (HzO
, iii) #
fail to
explain the acidic characters of certain substance such as
So and which do not have atam
Co , Soz ,
hydrogen .
if I
fail to
explain the basic character of Certain substance
such as
NHz ,
Gab &
MgO which do not have
hydroxyl group .
limitation be in the presence of water
acting
as solvent
·
can overcome .
they react with water to for acid and base .
Co +
H20 = Hzlz S82 +
120 H2Soz
Soz +
10 HysOn NHz THO =
NHyOH
SmedowryCaptevion)
·
that donates approton to another species.
Base ifSpecies (molecules or
io) that accepts a
proton from another species .
NO
egitHUM
-
Amphoteric if A substance which can act both as an acid an well as base
in different uxu
Conjugate -BaeDavi An acid-base pair which differ by potis
a
+
> H C
Egit
Ha +
-
acid 4
Conjugate
>
acid-base-pair . Conjugate base.
NHyt + 98
NH3 + Hu >
-
Baxe Fed ↓
Conjugate
a
snjugate base
, # Equilibrium
Electrolytes conduct in molten
it
Electrolyte the substances which
electricity
·
are
state or ineolution .
Ex HU ,
Noll ,
KU ,
cycoon etc .
·
Non-electrolyteis
ifA
compound whose aqueous solution or melt does not conduct
called
electricity
a
you-electrolyte .
electrolyte It is defined dissociates almost
strong cubstance which
·
is as a
completely into ice in aqueous solution g NaOH KOK .
e
, , ,
Ha
, He soy etc.
Weak
·
electrolyte
of It is
defined as a
substance which diseuciates to a
small extent in aqueous solution eg NHYOH CHycon etc .
.
,
*
Amhers theory of Petrolic Miniation
.
dissolved in
spontaneously
=>
when an electrolyte is a solvent it
dissociates into oppositely
charged particles called ios ,
to a considerable
extent.
+
AB = A + i
i Since thepolution of an electrolyte as a whole in
electrically neutral
the total
charge
on cations is equal to the total
charge on the anios.
Degree
sociation
·
of one of the electrolyte thaa as
mole
dissociated under the conditions The value of depende on temperature
given . I ,
dilution of electrolyte , nature of electrolyte & solvent .
X = No .
of moles ionized
Total no .
of moles ,
taken
,*
Kwald's L of Dilution
law deals with the application of the law of mass action .
=> This
Let AB in weak
binary electrolyte containing in litre .
AB # A
+
+
B-
cmoles
in it Conc C
O O
Conc at Cl+-4) 6 X Ca
Equie
Kep =C.
C( +-x)
x
=
concentration I degree of dissociation
<
where ,
if <(1 then 1-1 =
1
: =c.k
Kep
#
Sept of End and Pe
theusstand
·
when dissolved in water ,
increasethe
concentration of Ht egot 14 , Hesoy , HNOzetc
Base if my substance when dissolved in water increases ,
the
concentration of 048 egit NaUH KOHetc
.
, .
·
Limitation ofheus is
is
It fail to explain the acidic and basic character of the substance
in solvents other than Ho ,
such as Liquid NHz liquid,
So2 & alcohol .
18 and with He0 molecule
i ion does not exist
independently combine
to
fam hydronium in (HzO
, iii) #
fail to
explain the acidic characters of certain substance such as
So and which do not have atam
Co , Soz ,
hydrogen .
if I
fail to
explain the basic character of Certain substance
such as
NHz ,
Gab &
MgO which do not have
hydroxyl group .
limitation be in the presence of water
acting
as solvent
·
can overcome .
they react with water to for acid and base .
Co +
H20 = Hzlz S82 +
120 H2Soz
Soz +
10 HysOn NHz THO =
NHyOH
SmedowryCaptevion)
·
that donates approton to another species.
Base ifSpecies (molecules or
io) that accepts a
proton from another species .
NO
egitHUM
-
Amphoteric if A substance which can act both as an acid an well as base
in different uxu
Conjugate -BaeDavi An acid-base pair which differ by potis
a
+
> H C
Egit
Ha +
-
acid 4
Conjugate
>
acid-base-pair . Conjugate base.
NHyt + 98
NH3 + Hu >
-
Baxe Fed ↓
Conjugate
a
snjugate base
