Patho test bank exam 1
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Which of the following is an example of a clinical manifestation known as a sign?
a) Nausea
b) Bruise
c) Loss of appetite
d) Headache - (correct Answer) - B Bruise
2. An obese adult with type 2 diabetes is given a prescription for a low-calorie
diet and exercise. This is an example of:
a) Primary prevention
b) Secondary prevention
c) Tertiary prevention
d) Disease prevention - (correct Answer) - C
A public health nurse is providing smoking cessation counseling to a patient at
risk for heart failure. Smoking cessation would
be what level of prevention?
a) Primary prevention
b) Secondary prevention
c) Tertiary prevention
d) Disease prevention - (correct Answer) - A
Individuals experiencing the same disease exhibit the same clinical manifestations.
a) True
b) False - (correct Answer) - False
Which of the following would be a non-modifiable risk factor for heart disease?
a) Smoking
b) Obesity
c) Elevated blood pressure
d) Family history - (correct Answer) - D
A change in physiologic variable is more important than the absolute values.
a) True
b) False - (correct Answer) - True
A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a
number of clients who are under his care in
a hospital context. Which of the following aspects of clients' situations best
characterizes pathogenesis rather than etiology? A
client:
a) Who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
b) Who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
c) Who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
d) With multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident - (correct
Answer) - B
A test reports that 99.8% of patients who have confirmed cardiac etiologies test
positive in the test, however 11.3% of patients
who don't have cardiac etiologies for their shortness of breath also test positive.
Which of the following statements best
characterizes this blood test?
a) Low sensitivity, high specificity
b) High sensitivity, low specificity
c) Low reliability, high validity
d) High reliability, low validity - (correct Answer) - B
The nurse is examining the results of the bronchoscopy of a chronic smoker. The
report showed stratified squamous cells as
opposed to columnar ciliated cells. The nurse understands that this is which type
of cellular adaptation?
a) Hyperplasia
, b) Metaplasia
c) Dysplasia
d) Anaplasia - (correct Answer) - B
Which of the following clients is most likely to experience muscle hypertrophy? A
client with:
a) Hypertension, obesity, and decreased activity tolerance
b) Urinary incontinence following a cerebral vascular accident
c) Peripheral edema secondary to heart failure
d) Possible rejection symptoms following a liver transplant - (correct Answer) - A
A patient returns to the clinic for her Pap smear results, which reveal cervical
dysplasia. Which of the following statements if
made by the nurse accurately describes the condition?
a) "Some cells in your cervix have increased in size."
b) "There are anaplastic changes in the nucleus of some of your cells."
c) "Some cells in your cervix have become immature."
d) "Some of your cervical cells have become cancerous." - (correct Answer) - C
Which of the following cellular accumulations is indicative of injury due to faulty
metabolism?
a) Hydropic swelling
b) Lactate production
c) Metaplasia
d) Intracellular accumulations - (correct Answer) - D
Which of the following cellular accumulations is indicative of injury due to faulty
metabolism?
a) Hydropic swelling
b) Lactate production
c) Metaplasia
d) Intracellular accumulations - (correct Answer) - C
Which of the following is occurring inside of cells while they are not receiving
enough oxygen due to
ischemia? Select all that apply.
a) Increased intracellular potassium
b) Increased intracellular calcium
c) Increased intracellular sodium
d) Increased intracellular magnesium - (correct Answer) - B,C
The type of irreversible injury that initiates an inflammatory response is called
apoptosis.
a) True
b) False - (correct Answer) - False
A tumor is medium in size and has spread to 2 nearby lymph nodes. Subsequent x-ray
and biopsy indicate secondary tumors
in the lungs. Using the TNM system, how would you classify this cancer?
a) T1, N0, M0
b) T2, N2, M0
c) T3, N2, M1
d) T4, N2, M1 - (correct Answer) - C
Mutation of which genes are necessary for tumors to form and cancer to develop?
Select all that apply.
a) Oncogenes
b) Mutator genes
c) DNA repair genes
d) Tumor suppressor genes - (correct Answer) - B,C,D
The doctor has told your patient that the lesion on his chest is a hemangioma and
the patient is extremely worried. The
knowledgeable nurse confirms that this is a:
a) Malignant tumor of skin cells
b) Benign tumor of skin cells
c) Malignant tumor of a blood vessel
d) Benign tumor of a blood vessel - (correct Answer) - D
Save
Which of the following is an example of a clinical manifestation known as a sign?
a) Nausea
b) Bruise
c) Loss of appetite
d) Headache - (correct Answer) - B Bruise
2. An obese adult with type 2 diabetes is given a prescription for a low-calorie
diet and exercise. This is an example of:
a) Primary prevention
b) Secondary prevention
c) Tertiary prevention
d) Disease prevention - (correct Answer) - C
A public health nurse is providing smoking cessation counseling to a patient at
risk for heart failure. Smoking cessation would
be what level of prevention?
a) Primary prevention
b) Secondary prevention
c) Tertiary prevention
d) Disease prevention - (correct Answer) - A
Individuals experiencing the same disease exhibit the same clinical manifestations.
a) True
b) False - (correct Answer) - False
Which of the following would be a non-modifiable risk factor for heart disease?
a) Smoking
b) Obesity
c) Elevated blood pressure
d) Family history - (correct Answer) - D
A change in physiologic variable is more important than the absolute values.
a) True
b) False - (correct Answer) - True
A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a
number of clients who are under his care in
a hospital context. Which of the following aspects of clients' situations best
characterizes pathogenesis rather than etiology? A
client:
a) Who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
b) Who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
c) Who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
d) With multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident - (correct
Answer) - B
A test reports that 99.8% of patients who have confirmed cardiac etiologies test
positive in the test, however 11.3% of patients
who don't have cardiac etiologies for their shortness of breath also test positive.
Which of the following statements best
characterizes this blood test?
a) Low sensitivity, high specificity
b) High sensitivity, low specificity
c) Low reliability, high validity
d) High reliability, low validity - (correct Answer) - B
The nurse is examining the results of the bronchoscopy of a chronic smoker. The
report showed stratified squamous cells as
opposed to columnar ciliated cells. The nurse understands that this is which type
of cellular adaptation?
a) Hyperplasia
, b) Metaplasia
c) Dysplasia
d) Anaplasia - (correct Answer) - B
Which of the following clients is most likely to experience muscle hypertrophy? A
client with:
a) Hypertension, obesity, and decreased activity tolerance
b) Urinary incontinence following a cerebral vascular accident
c) Peripheral edema secondary to heart failure
d) Possible rejection symptoms following a liver transplant - (correct Answer) - A
A patient returns to the clinic for her Pap smear results, which reveal cervical
dysplasia. Which of the following statements if
made by the nurse accurately describes the condition?
a) "Some cells in your cervix have increased in size."
b) "There are anaplastic changes in the nucleus of some of your cells."
c) "Some cells in your cervix have become immature."
d) "Some of your cervical cells have become cancerous." - (correct Answer) - C
Which of the following cellular accumulations is indicative of injury due to faulty
metabolism?
a) Hydropic swelling
b) Lactate production
c) Metaplasia
d) Intracellular accumulations - (correct Answer) - D
Which of the following cellular accumulations is indicative of injury due to faulty
metabolism?
a) Hydropic swelling
b) Lactate production
c) Metaplasia
d) Intracellular accumulations - (correct Answer) - C
Which of the following is occurring inside of cells while they are not receiving
enough oxygen due to
ischemia? Select all that apply.
a) Increased intracellular potassium
b) Increased intracellular calcium
c) Increased intracellular sodium
d) Increased intracellular magnesium - (correct Answer) - B,C
The type of irreversible injury that initiates an inflammatory response is called
apoptosis.
a) True
b) False - (correct Answer) - False
A tumor is medium in size and has spread to 2 nearby lymph nodes. Subsequent x-ray
and biopsy indicate secondary tumors
in the lungs. Using the TNM system, how would you classify this cancer?
a) T1, N0, M0
b) T2, N2, M0
c) T3, N2, M1
d) T4, N2, M1 - (correct Answer) - C
Mutation of which genes are necessary for tumors to form and cancer to develop?
Select all that apply.
a) Oncogenes
b) Mutator genes
c) DNA repair genes
d) Tumor suppressor genes - (correct Answer) - B,C,D
The doctor has told your patient that the lesion on his chest is a hemangioma and
the patient is extremely worried. The
knowledgeable nurse confirms that this is a:
a) Malignant tumor of skin cells
b) Benign tumor of skin cells
c) Malignant tumor of a blood vessel
d) Benign tumor of a blood vessel - (correct Answer) - D
