,Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
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Multiple Choice
g
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
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1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
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2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
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3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher
g g g g g g g
outside the cell compartment.
g g g g
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in
g g g g g g g g g g g
two potassium ions.
g g g
2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of
g g g g g g g g g g g g
g energy as is created in the presence of oxygen?
g g g g g g g g
1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid g g g
2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle g g g g g
3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A g g g
4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid g g g g g
3. many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy
g g g g g g g g g
g How metabolism? g
1. 2
2. 3
3. 34
4. 53
4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
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1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids g
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids g
5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a
g g g g g g g g g g g
g person is exercising? g g
1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
g g g g g g g g
2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
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4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
g g g g g g g g
6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
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1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress g g g
2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) g g g g g g
3. During a severe hypoxic state g g g g
4. During the processing of prohormone g g g g
7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out
g g g g g g g g g g g
g of the lungs?
g g
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company g g g g g g
, 3. Secretory vesicles g
4. Endoplasmic reticula g
g 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle
g g g g g g g g g g g
cells?
g
1. Actin and myosin g g
2. Prohormone and tubulin g g
3. Tubulin and actin g g
4. Myosin and prohormone g g
g 9. Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
g g g g
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes g
10. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?g g g g g
1. Accumulation of ganglioside g g
2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis g g g g
3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity g g g g
4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system g g g g g g g g
11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is
g g g g g g g
correct?
g
1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
g g g g g g
2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
g g g g g g g g g g
3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
g g g g g g g g g g
4. During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells.
g g g g g g g g
12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level,
g g g g g g g g g g g g
g which function is likely to be involved?
g g g g g g
1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
g g g g g g g g g
2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
g g g g g g g g
3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules
g g g g g g g
4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum g g g g g
13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which
g g g g g g g g g
gcellular component is examined to determine the cause and probability of
g g g g g g g g g g
g the disease being genetically transferred?
g g g g
1. Transfer RNA g
2. Ribosomal RNA g
3. Double helix of DNA g g g
4. Mitochondrial DNA g
14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a
g g g g g g g g g
gmountain during a long, steep climb. Which is the reason for these
g g g g g g g g g g g
g manifestations?
1. Cellular hypoxia g
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema g
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company g g g g g g
, 15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to
g g g g g g g g
replicate?
g
1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases g g g
2. The presence of pyrimidine bases g g g
3. The presence of nucleotides g g
4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond g g g g
16. How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
g g g g g g g
1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5
17. Which components form the structure of DNA?
g g g g g g
1. Nucleotides
2. Amino acids g
3. Fatty acids g
4. Phosphates
18. Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
g g g g g g g g g g
1. Free-standing ribosomes within the cell g g g g
2. Protein blueprint from the cell of the DNA
g g g g g g g
3. Specific information from the nucleus of the cell
g g g g g g g
4. Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the cell
g g g g g g g g g
19. Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with g g g g g g g g
chlamydia infection. Which is the mechanism of action of the
g g g g g g g g g g
gdrug?
1. It prevents the replication of bacteria.
g g g g g
2. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
g g g g g g
3. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
g g g g g g g
4. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
g g g g g g
20. Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
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1. In g the ribosomes g
2. In g the Golgi apparatus
g g
3. In g the secretory granules
g g
4. In g the endoplasmic reticulum
g g
21. Which is the cell’s “master mind”? g g g g g
1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgi apparatus g
4. Endoplasmic reticulum g
Multiple Response
g
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
22. Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that
g g g g g g g g g g apply.
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company g g g g g g
g g g g g g g
Multiple Choice
g
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
g g g g g g g g g g g
1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
g g g g g g g
1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
g g g g g g g g g g g
3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher
g g g g g g g
outside the cell compartment.
g g g g
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in
g g g g g g g g g g g
two potassium ions.
g g g
2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of
g g g g g g g g g g g g
g energy as is created in the presence of oxygen?
g g g g g g g g
1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid g g g
2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle g g g g g
3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A g g g
4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid g g g g g
3. many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy
g g g g g g g g g
g How metabolism? g
1. 2
2. 3
3. 34
4. 53
4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
g g g g g g g g g g g g
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids g
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids g
5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a
g g g g g g g g g g g
g person is exercising? g g
1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
g g g g g g g g
2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
g g g g g g g g g g g
4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
g g g g g g g g
6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
g g g g g
1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress g g g
2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) g g g g g g
3. During a severe hypoxic state g g g g
4. During the processing of prohormone g g g g
7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out
g g g g g g g g g g g
g of the lungs?
g g
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company g g g g g g
, 3. Secretory vesicles g
4. Endoplasmic reticula g
g 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle
g g g g g g g g g g g
cells?
g
1. Actin and myosin g g
2. Prohormone and tubulin g g
3. Tubulin and actin g g
4. Myosin and prohormone g g
g 9. Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
g g g g
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes g
10. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?g g g g g
1. Accumulation of ganglioside g g
2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis g g g g
3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity g g g g
4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system g g g g g g g g
11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is
g g g g g g g
correct?
g
1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
g g g g g g
2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
g g g g g g g g g g
3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
g g g g g g g g g g
4. During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells.
g g g g g g g g
12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level,
g g g g g g g g g g g g
g which function is likely to be involved?
g g g g g g
1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
g g g g g g g g g
2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
g g g g g g g g
3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules
g g g g g g g
4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum g g g g g
13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which
g g g g g g g g g
gcellular component is examined to determine the cause and probability of
g g g g g g g g g g
g the disease being genetically transferred?
g g g g
1. Transfer RNA g
2. Ribosomal RNA g
3. Double helix of DNA g g g
4. Mitochondrial DNA g
14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a
g g g g g g g g g
gmountain during a long, steep climb. Which is the reason for these
g g g g g g g g g g g
g manifestations?
1. Cellular hypoxia g
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema g
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company g g g g g g
, 15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to
g g g g g g g g
replicate?
g
1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases g g g
2. The presence of pyrimidine bases g g g
3. The presence of nucleotides g g
4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond g g g g
16. How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
g g g g g g g
1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5
17. Which components form the structure of DNA?
g g g g g g
1. Nucleotides
2. Amino acids g
3. Fatty acids g
4. Phosphates
18. Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
g g g g g g g g g g
1. Free-standing ribosomes within the cell g g g g
2. Protein blueprint from the cell of the DNA
g g g g g g g
3. Specific information from the nucleus of the cell
g g g g g g g
4. Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the cell
g g g g g g g g g
19. Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with g g g g g g g g
chlamydia infection. Which is the mechanism of action of the
g g g g g g g g g g
gdrug?
1. It prevents the replication of bacteria.
g g g g g
2. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
g g g g g g
3. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
g g g g g g g
4. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
g g g g g g
20. Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
g g g g g g g g g g g
1. In g the ribosomes g
2. In g the Golgi apparatus
g g
3. In g the secretory granules
g g
4. In g the endoplasmic reticulum
g g
21. Which is the cell’s “master mind”? g g g g g
1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgi apparatus g
4. Endoplasmic reticulum g
Multiple Response
g
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
22. Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that
g g g g g g g g g g apply.
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company g g g g g g
