CALT Exam Study Guide
1. Language systems. Phonology, syntax, morphology and orthography arelanguage
systems that deal with the form of language. Semantics deals withcontent of lang. and
pragmatics deals with the use of lang.: Domains of Lan- guage
2. Phonological awareness and phonics taught implicitly through the readingof real words in
text. (whole language): Embedded Phonics
3. The history of word origins and development.: Etymology
4. Pleasing to the ear. Having a pleasing sound. Ex: illogical; not inlogical.(Chameleon
Prefix): Euphony
5. Instruction delivered without vagueness or ambiguity, leaving no ques-tions as to the
meaning. (Direct Instruction): Explicit Instruction
6. Technique for learning words that involves the visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile
(VAKT) modalities. EX: The student looks at the word while saying and tracing it.: Fernald
Method
7. Language that avoids the use of the exact meaning of words and uses exaggeration,
metaphors and embellishments.: Figurative Language
8. The language of the ancient Greeks whose morphemes form scientificterms.: Greek
9. Manner of presenting new material or concepts so that they can be de- duced or guided
by the students. EX: self discovery, What do you notice? inpass, sass, tass: Guided Discovery
10. Words that have different meanings but share the same spelling. Pronun-ciations may be
same or different. (duck, duck) (bow, bow): Homographs
11. Words that have different meanings but share the same pronunciation. Spellings may
be same or different. Ex: (lead, lead) (beet,beat)(sale, sail): -Homonyms
12. Words that have different meanings and spellings but share the same pronunciation.
EX: (for, four) (to, two, too): Homophones
13. an expression having a meaning that cannot be derived from the meanings of the elements.
EX: Take the bull by the horns does not mean what the wordssay.: Idioms
14. Instruction that implies understanding without being expressed. Alsoknown as
inferential instruction.: Implicit Instruction
15. The language of the ancient Romans from which 60% of English words arederived.: Latin
16. Denoting language processing and language structure.: Linguistic
17. Study of the production, properties, structure, meaning and or use oflanguage.:
Linguistics
18. A system in which pictures represent the words of language (Chinese). IfEnglish were
treated as a logographic writing system, it would contain over 600,000 pictures. EX: Pictures
, rather than sound.: Logographic Writing System
19. A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that means on thing is used, through
implication, to mean something else. Ex: The ship plows thesea.: Metaphor
20. Different meanings for the same word. EX: homographs: Multiple Meanings
21. A language that is derived from several languages. English is a polygotlanguage,
derived from Anglo Saxon, Latin and Greek languages.: Polygot
22. A letter or group of letters added to the beginning of a base word to changeits meaning.:
Prefix
23. The rapid naming of a series of printed objects, colors, number or lettersrepeated over
and over in random order. (RAN): Rapid Automatized Naming
24. An explicit comparison of two unlike things, usually with the word like oras. Ex: (as
busy as a bee): Simile
25. A letter or group of letters added to the end of a base word to change itsmeaning.: Suffix
26. Words with similar meanings. (semantics): Synonyms
27. The system by which words may be ordered in phrases and sentences;sentence
structure;grammar.: Syntax
28. Instruction or a process that begins with the parts and builds to the whole.(part to whole)
(bottom-up) (text driven): Synthetic Instruction
29. The loss of the ability to read, as the result of a brain injury.: Alexia
30. Impairs the ability to speak and understand others.: Apasia
31. The act or manner of producing sounds.: Articulation
32. Imitation of the mother's sounds, rhythm and tone.: Echolalia
33. The superior ability to reads words without comprehension.: Hyperlexia
34. An inventory of word knowledge, either spoken or written. EX: dictionary,
encyclopedia: Lexicon
35. Inflammation of the middle ear that can lead to temporary conductive hear-ing loss or
permanent hearing loss.: Otitis Media
36. The inability to understand or comprehend language heard or read.: Recep-tive Language
Disorder
37. The inability to put thoughts into words or sentences in ways that makesense and is
grammatically correct.: Expressive Language Disorder
38. Smallest unit of sound. The sounds of letters. Ex: Cat=3 phonemes (c) (a)(t).: Phonology
39. The grammar system of language. The way words are strung together. Ex:words and
1. Language systems. Phonology, syntax, morphology and orthography arelanguage
systems that deal with the form of language. Semantics deals withcontent of lang. and
pragmatics deals with the use of lang.: Domains of Lan- guage
2. Phonological awareness and phonics taught implicitly through the readingof real words in
text. (whole language): Embedded Phonics
3. The history of word origins and development.: Etymology
4. Pleasing to the ear. Having a pleasing sound. Ex: illogical; not inlogical.(Chameleon
Prefix): Euphony
5. Instruction delivered without vagueness or ambiguity, leaving no ques-tions as to the
meaning. (Direct Instruction): Explicit Instruction
6. Technique for learning words that involves the visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile
(VAKT) modalities. EX: The student looks at the word while saying and tracing it.: Fernald
Method
7. Language that avoids the use of the exact meaning of words and uses exaggeration,
metaphors and embellishments.: Figurative Language
8. The language of the ancient Greeks whose morphemes form scientificterms.: Greek
9. Manner of presenting new material or concepts so that they can be de- duced or guided
by the students. EX: self discovery, What do you notice? inpass, sass, tass: Guided Discovery
10. Words that have different meanings but share the same spelling. Pronun-ciations may be
same or different. (duck, duck) (bow, bow): Homographs
11. Words that have different meanings but share the same pronunciation. Spellings may
be same or different. Ex: (lead, lead) (beet,beat)(sale, sail): -Homonyms
12. Words that have different meanings and spellings but share the same pronunciation.
EX: (for, four) (to, two, too): Homophones
13. an expression having a meaning that cannot be derived from the meanings of the elements.
EX: Take the bull by the horns does not mean what the wordssay.: Idioms
14. Instruction that implies understanding without being expressed. Alsoknown as
inferential instruction.: Implicit Instruction
15. The language of the ancient Romans from which 60% of English words arederived.: Latin
16. Denoting language processing and language structure.: Linguistic
17. Study of the production, properties, structure, meaning and or use oflanguage.:
Linguistics
18. A system in which pictures represent the words of language (Chinese). IfEnglish were
treated as a logographic writing system, it would contain over 600,000 pictures. EX: Pictures
, rather than sound.: Logographic Writing System
19. A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that means on thing is used, through
implication, to mean something else. Ex: The ship plows thesea.: Metaphor
20. Different meanings for the same word. EX: homographs: Multiple Meanings
21. A language that is derived from several languages. English is a polygotlanguage,
derived from Anglo Saxon, Latin and Greek languages.: Polygot
22. A letter or group of letters added to the beginning of a base word to changeits meaning.:
Prefix
23. The rapid naming of a series of printed objects, colors, number or lettersrepeated over
and over in random order. (RAN): Rapid Automatized Naming
24. An explicit comparison of two unlike things, usually with the word like oras. Ex: (as
busy as a bee): Simile
25. A letter or group of letters added to the end of a base word to change itsmeaning.: Suffix
26. Words with similar meanings. (semantics): Synonyms
27. The system by which words may be ordered in phrases and sentences;sentence
structure;grammar.: Syntax
28. Instruction or a process that begins with the parts and builds to the whole.(part to whole)
(bottom-up) (text driven): Synthetic Instruction
29. The loss of the ability to read, as the result of a brain injury.: Alexia
30. Impairs the ability to speak and understand others.: Apasia
31. The act or manner of producing sounds.: Articulation
32. Imitation of the mother's sounds, rhythm and tone.: Echolalia
33. The superior ability to reads words without comprehension.: Hyperlexia
34. An inventory of word knowledge, either spoken or written. EX: dictionary,
encyclopedia: Lexicon
35. Inflammation of the middle ear that can lead to temporary conductive hear-ing loss or
permanent hearing loss.: Otitis Media
36. The inability to understand or comprehend language heard or read.: Recep-tive Language
Disorder
37. The inability to put thoughts into words or sentences in ways that makesense and is
grammatically correct.: Expressive Language Disorder
38. Smallest unit of sound. The sounds of letters. Ex: Cat=3 phonemes (c) (a)(t).: Phonology
39. The grammar system of language. The way words are strung together. Ex:words and
