SOCIALOGI
CAL
SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
LEVELS OF EXPERIENCE
Concrete experience
● Gained through seeing, touching, tasing, smelling and hearing, physical
experiences
○ Percepts: are the smallest bits of concrete experience
○ Patterns: collections of related percepts
Abstract experience
● The imaginary world of the mind; Composed of concept that, when lined
together, form propositions
○ Concepts: are abstract terms used to organize concrete experience
○ Propositions: ideas that result from finding the relationship between concepts
SCIENTIFIC VS UNSCIENTIFIC THINKING
Bias
● Easily influence our observations
● Goals of sociology is to avoid bias
● Often lead us to draw incorrect conclusions about what we see
● 10 common errors are regularly found in unscientific thinking. Scientific thinking seeks
to avoid those kinds of errors
Non Scientific knowledge
1. Tradition 4. Overgeneralization (kinda like
2. Authority stereotyping)
3. Casual observation (don't have a 5. Selective observation (small sample
clear vision of the world) and extract it to the whole)
, 6. Qualification (true in this case but 9. Premature closure of theory (we
not the other) know this so we don't need to know
7. Illogical reasoning more)
8. Ego-defense (refusing to accept 10. Mystification (can't understand
contradictory defense) because there is greater forces)
Sample: the part of the population of research interest that is selected for analysis
Population: the entire group about which the researcher wanted to generalize
RESEARCH APPROACH
● Methodologies to
produce as much
objectives as u can
● This is obsessed by
the degree of
consistency (degree
of logic) between the
observations of
independent
observers
Importance in viewpoint:
● Concepts and principles do more than limit reality, they shape it
CAL
SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
LEVELS OF EXPERIENCE
Concrete experience
● Gained through seeing, touching, tasing, smelling and hearing, physical
experiences
○ Percepts: are the smallest bits of concrete experience
○ Patterns: collections of related percepts
Abstract experience
● The imaginary world of the mind; Composed of concept that, when lined
together, form propositions
○ Concepts: are abstract terms used to organize concrete experience
○ Propositions: ideas that result from finding the relationship between concepts
SCIENTIFIC VS UNSCIENTIFIC THINKING
Bias
● Easily influence our observations
● Goals of sociology is to avoid bias
● Often lead us to draw incorrect conclusions about what we see
● 10 common errors are regularly found in unscientific thinking. Scientific thinking seeks
to avoid those kinds of errors
Non Scientific knowledge
1. Tradition 4. Overgeneralization (kinda like
2. Authority stereotyping)
3. Casual observation (don't have a 5. Selective observation (small sample
clear vision of the world) and extract it to the whole)
, 6. Qualification (true in this case but 9. Premature closure of theory (we
not the other) know this so we don't need to know
7. Illogical reasoning more)
8. Ego-defense (refusing to accept 10. Mystification (can't understand
contradictory defense) because there is greater forces)
Sample: the part of the population of research interest that is selected for analysis
Population: the entire group about which the researcher wanted to generalize
RESEARCH APPROACH
● Methodologies to
produce as much
objectives as u can
● This is obsessed by
the degree of
consistency (degree
of logic) between the
observations of
independent
observers
Importance in viewpoint:
● Concepts and principles do more than limit reality, they shape it
