HESI MEDICAL SURGERY FINAL EXAM 2025 UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Thoracentesis What Position you going to place them in? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Upright leaning over
table to increase lung expansion
Metabolic Acidosis Respirations - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Kussmaul respirations
Wheezing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅are short high pitched sounds made on expiratory
Abnormal Breathe sounds - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅used to describe bronchial or bronchovesicular
sounds heard in the peripheral lung fields.
Adventitous sounds - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅are extra breath sounds that are abnormal.
The presence of bronchovesicular breath sounds in the peripheral lung fields is described as? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅abnormal lung sounds
To prepare the patient for a thoracentesis, the nurse positions the patient - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅sitting upright with the elbows on an over-the-bed table.
Bronchoscopy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅After procedure keep the patient NPO until gag reflux returns.
Hypoxemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅PaO2 is at 55% and SpO2 is 88
What test do you use to verify pulmonary embolus? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅CT scan
A patient with an SaO2 of 85% has a PaO2 of 50mm Hg. This indicates? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅shift to
the left in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve that could be caused by hypothermia.
, Normal Arterial Blood Gases - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅pH 7.35-7.45, PaO2 80-100mm Hg, SaO2 >95%,
PaCO2 32-48 mm Hg, HCO3- 22-26 mEq/L
To determine when the patient with a tracheostomy tube can be effectively swallow, the nurse deflates
the cuff and? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅has the patient drink a small amount of blue-colored water,
observing for coughing and colored secretions.
When obtaining a health history from a patient with possible cancer of the mouth, the nurse would
expect the patient to report? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Heavy tobacco and alcohol use.
The most normal functioning method of speech restoration in the patient with a total larynectomy is -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a voice presthesis
A patients tracheostomy tube becomes dislodged with vigorous coughing. The first action by the nurse is
to? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅attempt to replace the tube
What will the nurse teach a patient with pneumonia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Deep breathing and
coughing
Fine Crackles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅short-duration, discontinuous, high pitched sounds heard just
before the end of inspiration. In pneumonia or heart failure.
Coarse Crackles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅long duration, discontinuous, low pitched sounds caused by air
passing through airway intermittently occluded by mucus, unstable bronchial wall, or fold of mucosa;
evident with inspiration. COPD, heart failure, and pneumonia.
Absent breath sounds - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅no sound evident over entire lung or area of lung. Pleural
effusion or lobectomy
Peritonsillar abscess - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is a complication of acute pharyngitis or acute tonsillitis
when bacterial infection invades one or both tonsils. The tonsil may enlarge sufficiently to threaten
airway patency. Also known as the hot potato voice. The patient experience a high fever, leukocytosis,
and chills.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Thoracentesis What Position you going to place them in? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Upright leaning over
table to increase lung expansion
Metabolic Acidosis Respirations - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Kussmaul respirations
Wheezing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅are short high pitched sounds made on expiratory
Abnormal Breathe sounds - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅used to describe bronchial or bronchovesicular
sounds heard in the peripheral lung fields.
Adventitous sounds - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅are extra breath sounds that are abnormal.
The presence of bronchovesicular breath sounds in the peripheral lung fields is described as? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅abnormal lung sounds
To prepare the patient for a thoracentesis, the nurse positions the patient - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅sitting upright with the elbows on an over-the-bed table.
Bronchoscopy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅After procedure keep the patient NPO until gag reflux returns.
Hypoxemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅PaO2 is at 55% and SpO2 is 88
What test do you use to verify pulmonary embolus? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅CT scan
A patient with an SaO2 of 85% has a PaO2 of 50mm Hg. This indicates? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅shift to
the left in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve that could be caused by hypothermia.
, Normal Arterial Blood Gases - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅pH 7.35-7.45, PaO2 80-100mm Hg, SaO2 >95%,
PaCO2 32-48 mm Hg, HCO3- 22-26 mEq/L
To determine when the patient with a tracheostomy tube can be effectively swallow, the nurse deflates
the cuff and? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅has the patient drink a small amount of blue-colored water,
observing for coughing and colored secretions.
When obtaining a health history from a patient with possible cancer of the mouth, the nurse would
expect the patient to report? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Heavy tobacco and alcohol use.
The most normal functioning method of speech restoration in the patient with a total larynectomy is -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a voice presthesis
A patients tracheostomy tube becomes dislodged with vigorous coughing. The first action by the nurse is
to? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅attempt to replace the tube
What will the nurse teach a patient with pneumonia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Deep breathing and
coughing
Fine Crackles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅short-duration, discontinuous, high pitched sounds heard just
before the end of inspiration. In pneumonia or heart failure.
Coarse Crackles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅long duration, discontinuous, low pitched sounds caused by air
passing through airway intermittently occluded by mucus, unstable bronchial wall, or fold of mucosa;
evident with inspiration. COPD, heart failure, and pneumonia.
Absent breath sounds - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅no sound evident over entire lung or area of lung. Pleural
effusion or lobectomy
Peritonsillar abscess - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is a complication of acute pharyngitis or acute tonsillitis
when bacterial infection invades one or both tonsils. The tonsil may enlarge sufficiently to threaten
airway patency. Also known as the hot potato voice. The patient experience a high fever, leukocytosis,
and chills.
