Design in the 21st Century An Activities-Based
Approach, 1st Edition Bradley Striebig
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, Solution and Answer Guide: Bradley A. Striebig, Discovering Engineering Design in the 21st Century: An Activities-Based
Approach, 1e, ISBN: 9780357685204, Chapter 1: Engineering Concepts and Simple Tools: Materials, Mass, Gravity, and
Moment Arms
Solution and Answer Guide
Bradley A. Striebig, Discovering Engineering Design in the 21st Century: An Activities-Based
Approach, 1e, ISBN: 9780357685204, Chapter 1: Engineering Concepts and Simple Tools:
Materials, Mass, Gravity, and Moment Arms
Chapter 1 Questions
1.1 What are you currently doing, and why?
Solution
Answers may vary. Answers may include but are not limited to current work status, current
daily habits, or current hobbies followed by an explanation as to why you are engaging in
such activity/activities.
Excellent Good Needs Poor Unacceptable
Improvement
Answers show Answers show Answers show Answers Missing or
thought about some thought minimal partially answers an
what steps a about what thought about address the unrelated
student is steps a student what steps a steps a student question
taking in their is taking in their student is is taking in their
engineering education or taking in their education and
education and the motivation education and the motivation
thoughtful for those steps the motivation for those steps
response to the for those steps
motivation for
those steps
1.2 What would you like to accomplish before you retire?
Solution
Answers may vary.
Excellent Good Needs Poor Unacceptable
Improvement
Answers show Answers show Answers show Answers Missing or
consideration some thought minimal minimally answers an
and clear about long- thought about address goals unrelated
articulation of term goals but long-term goals and are question
long-term goals have difficulty unclear
articulating
them
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website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide:
1.3 Describe how the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics defines an engineer and an engineering
technician (or engineering technologies) by reviewing the “field of degree” highlights for
students and job seekers in the Occupational Outlook Handbook. Describe the difference
between an engineer and a technician and provide a salary range for each
(www.bls.gov/ooh/field-of-degree).
Solution
This answer should include the salaries for an engineer (~$95,000 USD-2022) and a
technician (~$78,000 USD-2022). This may differ based on which type of engineer is chosen
from the Occupational Outlook Handbook. Answers should include the job descriptions of
each job and any notable differences. These differences may include the following: job
clearance levels, pay scale differences, educational differences, etc.
1.4 The National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) has established a Code of Ethics for
engineers. Look up and write down the six fundamental canons of the NSPE Code of Ethics.
Solution
1) Hold paramount safety, health, and welfare of the public
2) Perform services only in areas of their competence
3) Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner
4) Act for each employer or clients as faithful agents or trustees
5) Avoid deceptive acts
6) Conduct themselves honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully so as to enhance the
honor, representation, and usefulness of the profession
1.5 Describe the problems with using an ancient human proportion–based measurement
system if you were to build a horse-drawn carriage and you were to purchase parts for the
carriage and horses from 12 different suppliers. You are also concerned about navigating
under a bridge that is one fathom high that you must pass under to get between your work
and your home.
Solution
Responses may include the following: The ancient method is outdated due to the form of
measurement used. Measurements were based on human portions which can vary from
person to person, leading to inconsistent measurements. A horse drawn carriage consists of
moving parts that must all simultaneously move together; if each supplier sells parts
measured to their own proportions, there could be sizing issues that do not allow the
carriage to properly function. If the underpass is sized using unique measurements, it would
offer another challenge. In short, if everything is uniquely sized with the proportions of the
manufacturers, then there are no uniform universal measurements, making it difficult to
produce anything.
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website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide:
1.6 Force is a derived quantity determined from the acceleration of an object multiplied by the
mass of an object. Derive the dimensions used to create units for a force acting on an object
from the fundamental quantities of length, mass, and time. Also, show the SI units of force in
your derivation.
Solution
Force = mass x acceleration (F = ma) by Newton’s Second Law
Acceleration = change in velocity over time
A = velocity/time = displacement/(time x time) = L/T x T = L/T2
F = M x L/T2
1.7 The highest mountain in the world is Mount Everest in Nepal. The peak of Mount Everest is
29,029 feet above sea level. How many miles high is this? What is the elevation in meters?
Solution
To convert from the height in feet to miles:
1 mile
29,029 ft × = 5.4979 miles
5,280 ft
To convert from the height in feet to meters:
1m
29,029 ft × = 8,848.1 m
3.2808 ft
1.8 How many bees would it take to lift the GoPro for a BeeDrone Cam?
Solution
To determine the number of bees needed:
1 bead 1 bee
159 g × × = 1,646 bees are needed to lift the GoPro
0.012 g 8 beads
1.9 How many bees can fit on top of the GoPro to carry it?
Solution
Dimensions of GoPro = 71.8 (L) x 50.8 (W) x 33.6 (H) mm
To find out the area of each side it may be useful to draw a picture. Note that the question is
how many bees can fit on top.
The top area of the GoPro is:
Area (mm2 ) = L × W = 71.8 mm × 50.8 mm = 3,647 mm2
The number of bees that fit on the top is:
1 in2 10 bees
3,647 mm2 × × = 56.53 = 56 bees can fit on the top of the GoPro
645.2 mm2 in2
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website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide:
1.10 How does the number of bees required compare to the number of bees that would fit on
the top of a GoPro? Does your friend’s idea have wings; that is, is the BeeDrone a good idea
or not?
Solution
There are far more bees needed to lift the GoPro (approximately 1,646 bees) compared to
how many can fit on the top of the GoPro.
The bee drone is not a good idea because a much larger number of bees are needed to lift
the mass of the GoPro than could possibly be attached to the camera.
1.11 Determine the bug weight in kilograms and enter the data from Table 1.4 into a
spreadsheet program like Excel or Google Sheets.
Solution
The bug weight in kilograms is calculated by dividing by 1000:
1 kg
0.1 g × = 0.0001 g
1,000 g
Table 1.4 Deceleration of a theoretical “bug” on impact with an object
Bug Weight [g] Bug Weight [kg] Deceleration [m/s2] Force [N]
0.1 0.0001 450,000
10 0.01 17,000
60 0.06 7,500
1.12 Calculate the force in newtons and plot the data from Table 1.4 in the spreadsheet.
Solution
Force = mass x acceleration:
F = m × a = 0.0001 kg × 450,000 m�s 2 = 45 N
Table 1.4 Deceleration of a theoretical “bug” on impact with an object
Bug Weight [g] Bug Weight [kg] Deceleration [m/s2] Force [N]
0.1 0.0001 450,000 45
10 0.01 17,000 170
60 0.06 7,500 450
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website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide:
1.13 Graph the data point in an Excel graph with acceleration (y-axis) vs. mass (x-axis).
a. Plot the data on a scatterplot.
b. Insert a power function trend line.
c. Note the equation and R2 value of the trend line on the graph.
Solution
The graph for the acceleration vs. mass is shown below. The graph should include labels and
units for each axis, the equation of the trend line, and the value for the R2 fit.
1000000
y = 1,026.63x-0.65
100000 R² = 1.00
Acceleration [m/s2]
10000
1000
100
10
1
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Mass [kg]
1.14 Use the trend line equation to calculate the mass of a bug needed to impact exactly the
lethal force required by a blow to the larynx (338 N).
Solution
The trendline showing the acceleration (y) vs mass (x) relationship can be approximated by:
F=mxa
The force required is 76 lbf, an English measure of force. There are 4.4482 Newton per lbf.
4.4482 N
Flethal = 76 lbf × = 338 N
lbf
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website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide:
Substituting the equation from the graph yields:
Flethal = m × 1,026.63 m−0.65 = 338
338
m0.35 = = 0.0418 kg = 41.8 g
1,022.63
1.15 Determine the force from the impact of a bug in units of newtons for a motorcycle
traveling at 40 m/s and a 60-g bug using the previous data to interpolate the required values.
Write the relevant equations. Label your variables. Show your algebraic work and any unit
conversations required. Calculate the force associated with each different velocity and
complete Table 1.5 using a spreadsheet.
Solution
F=mxa
F = Force [N]
m = mass [kg]
a = acceleration [m/s2]
F[N] = m[kg] × a �m�s 2 � = 0.06[kg] × −7,500 �m�s 2 � = −450 [N]
Notice that the force is negative, which means the force acts opposite the direction that the
motorcycle is traveling.
Table 1.5 High-powered simulated bugs shot out of a cannon to impart lethal force
Motorcycle Velocity Bug Weight [kg] Deceleration [m/s2] Force [N]
[m/s]
40 0.06 (−) 7,500 -450
54 0.06 (−) 21,000 -1,260
90 0.06 (−) 40,000 -2,400
1.16 Graph the data point in an Excel graph with acceleration (y-axis) vs. velocity (x-axis).
a. Plot the data on a scatterplot.
b. Insert a logarithmic function trend line.
c. Note the equation and R2 value of the trend line on the graph.
Solution
The graph for the acceleration vs. mass is shown below. The graph should include labels and
units for each axis, the equation of the trend line, and the value for the R2 fit.
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website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide:
1.17 Estimate the force imparted when a 60-g bug impacts an object if the speed differential
between the bug and the object is 45 m/s. Use the acceleration by interpolation or from
the graphical data. Show your calculations.
Solution
F=mxa
The trendline shows the acceleration (y) vs velocity (x) relationship. Substituting the equation
from the graph yields:
F = m × (37,922 {ln(v)} − 160,816)
F = 0.06 × (37,922 {ln(45)} − 160,816) = −9650 N
1.18 Determine the equation that relates the force imparted to a motorcycle driver at
various velocities from a curve fit of the graphical data. Use this relationship to
determine the speed that a motorcycle would have to be traveling in order to impart a
lethal force (338 N) to a motorcyclist from a 10-g cicada.
Solution
F=mxa
The lethal force required is 76 lbf, an English measure of force. There are 4.4482 Newtons
per lbf.
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website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide:
4.4482 N
Flethal = 76 lbf × = 338 N
lbf
The trendline shows the acceleration (y) vs velocity (x) relationship. Substituting the equation
from the graph yields:
F = m × (37,922 {ln(v)} − 160,816) = 338
0.010 × (37,922 {ln(v)} − 160,816) = 338
338
37,922 {ln(v)} = + 160,816 = 194,616
0.010
194,616
{ln(v)} = = 5.13
37,922
v = e5.13 = 170 m/s
Note that 170 m/s (380 mph) is just about the land-speed record for the fastest motorcycle,
at the time of publication. The record was set by the Ack Attack motorcycle, a specially
constructed land-speed record streamliner motorcycle which set the two-way average speed
record of 605.697 km/h (376.363 mph) on September 25, 2010 in the Cook Motorsports Top
Speed Shootout at Bonneville Speedway, Utah.
1.19 What are the initials of the person who made this drawing?
Solution
JWW
1.20 What are the units of measurement shown on the drawing?
Solution
Inches
1.21 What is the scale of the drawing?
Solution
2:1
1.22 What is the length of each side of the square top of this part?
Solution
1 inch
1.23 What is the depth of the side of this part?
Solution
0.25 n
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website, in whole or in part.