IGCSE Geography Case Studies
Causes of High Young Dependent Population in The Gambia ANS: 95% are muslims and it is a taboo to
use contraceptives so many
Lack of access to contraception/ lack of birth control
Infant mortality rate is 73 per 1000 meaning more mothers try to give birth more often in case their
baby, which results in larger families.
Poor Family planning (also not encouraged)
Religious beliefs/traditions, men find it more manly to have more children
Children have to take care of elderly
Large agricultural sector therefore they have larger families to work on farms, rice, maize
Impacts of High Young Dependent Population in The Gambia ANS: Pressure/depletion on resources, it is
estimated that there will be no more trees in 50 years due to deforestation for materials.
Global warming/climate change/ environment pollution
Rise in unemployment
High cost of living
Food scarcity (starvation)
,Pressure on school, Sekunda lower school has 3000 students but only 26 classrooms
Many don't receive quality education. 1 in 3 of kids in The Gambia, work.
Low life expectancy
High infant Mortality
Low life expectancy and high infant mortality rate so birth rates increase
Solutions to High Young Dependent Population in The Gambia ANS: Slow birth rates by encouraging
contraceptives through advertising
Government and NGO's subsidise contraceptives and clinics with family planning schemes
Encouraging education in women, so they are more likely to pursue and had kids later on, which will
result in less kids per mother
Government incentives
Education
Spreading awareness
Implementing new government policies
, Maternal Care
Causes of Japan having low population growth/high elderly dependents ANS: Low fat diet and healthy
foods = less people dying, low death rate
Expensive to raise children because developed country
Clean, fresh air
High standard of living
Emancipation of women incl. Education and increased career mindedness
Access to contraception
High cost of raising children
Anti natal policies
Increased age of marriage
Urbanisation
Long life expectancy
Causes of High Young Dependent Population in The Gambia ANS: 95% are muslims and it is a taboo to
use contraceptives so many
Lack of access to contraception/ lack of birth control
Infant mortality rate is 73 per 1000 meaning more mothers try to give birth more often in case their
baby, which results in larger families.
Poor Family planning (also not encouraged)
Religious beliefs/traditions, men find it more manly to have more children
Children have to take care of elderly
Large agricultural sector therefore they have larger families to work on farms, rice, maize
Impacts of High Young Dependent Population in The Gambia ANS: Pressure/depletion on resources, it is
estimated that there will be no more trees in 50 years due to deforestation for materials.
Global warming/climate change/ environment pollution
Rise in unemployment
High cost of living
Food scarcity (starvation)
,Pressure on school, Sekunda lower school has 3000 students but only 26 classrooms
Many don't receive quality education. 1 in 3 of kids in The Gambia, work.
Low life expectancy
High infant Mortality
Low life expectancy and high infant mortality rate so birth rates increase
Solutions to High Young Dependent Population in The Gambia ANS: Slow birth rates by encouraging
contraceptives through advertising
Government and NGO's subsidise contraceptives and clinics with family planning schemes
Encouraging education in women, so they are more likely to pursue and had kids later on, which will
result in less kids per mother
Government incentives
Education
Spreading awareness
Implementing new government policies
, Maternal Care
Causes of Japan having low population growth/high elderly dependents ANS: Low fat diet and healthy
foods = less people dying, low death rate
Expensive to raise children because developed country
Clean, fresh air
High standard of living
Emancipation of women incl. Education and increased career mindedness
Access to contraception
High cost of raising children
Anti natal policies
Increased age of marriage
Urbanisation
Long life expectancy
