NU 545 Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual Actual Emended Exam
Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
STI: is the general term for any disease
that can be spread by intimate and/or
sexual contact.
Includes systemic diseases such as he-
What is an STI? (affect more than 20
patitis and tuberculosis
million Americans per year, and 1/2 are
Is prevalent in all socioeconomic and
younger than 25 years. Hidden epidemic.
racial or ethnic groups
Individuals who have unprotected non-
monogamous sex have the greatest risk
for STI exposure and infection.
Bacterial -(gonorrhea-syphilis-chan-
croid-granuloma inguinale-bacterial
vaginosis)
Types of sexually transmitted urogenital
Viral
infections
Protozoal
Parasitic
Fungal
Disseminated gonococcal infection
(DGI)
• Rare systemic complication brought
about by the spread of infection through
the bloodstream
• Life-threatening condition causing a
generalized rash and severe joint pain
Perihepatitis
• Spread of N. gonorrhoeae to the liver
Ophthalmia neonatorum
Gonorrhea (Bacterial infection)
• Gonococcal eye infection in an infant
from an infected mother (most states re-
quire prophylactic opthalmic antibiotics
to prevent gonococcal eye infection. Top-
ical antibiotics may not be effective in
eliminating neonatal infection and sys-
temic tx. is indicated for all newborns
with known exposure. (onset of symp-
toms 1-12 days) Newborns may also de-
velop gonorrheal rhinitis.
Gonnorhea (Bacterial infection)
, NU 545 Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual Actual Emended Exam
Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
Is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Transmission generally requires the con-
tact of epithelial surfaces such as vagi-
nal, oral, or anal intercourse, and infec-
tion in the adults can be in the vagina,
rectum, oropharynx, and the urethra.
Pregnant woman can pass gonorrhea to
her fetus through infected cervical and
vaginal secretions, and a mother can
pass it to her newborn child. Following
vertical transmission, the newborn eyes
can be infected and result in blindness if
untreated.
Humans are the only natural hosts.
Presence of pili helps N. gonorrhoeae
attach to the epithelial cells of mucous
membranes.
because of rapidly developing resistance
to antibiotics. CDC and WHO advise dual
drug treatment to treat the infection and
staunch increasing resistance.
Why is treatment for gonorrhea becom-
Antibiotic resistance is most common in
ing more difficult?
those who frequently have oral and anal
intercourse (men with men) CDC says
gonorrhea likely to become resistant to
all antibiotics in the near future.
• Endocervical canal (inner portion of the
cervix): most common site for women
• Urethra
• Skene and/or Bartholin glands
Common sites/complications of gonor- • Urethra or rectum: most common site for
rhea (Bacterial infection) men
Complications:
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Sterility
• Disseminated infection
Clinical manifestations of gonorrhea
(Bacterial infection)
, NU 545 Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual Actual Emended Exam
Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
• Men: sudden onset of painful urination
or purulent penile discharge, or both
(within a week from infection)
• Women (within 10 days of exposure or
1-2 days after the next period. More than
half are asymptomatic
Symptoms often do not appear until they
have spread to the upper reproductive
tract (uterus, fallopian/uterine tubes, and
ovaries)
Dysuria (difficult/painful urination)
Increased vaginal discharge, increased
flow or dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia
(painful sex) , lower abdominal and/or
pelvic pain
Fever; mucopurulent discharge from the
cervical os
• Antibiotic (ceftriaxone)
• Multidrug administration to reduce resis-
tance
treatment for gonorrhea (Bacterial infec-
• Resistant to many antibiotics
tion)
• Treatment of partners
• Avoidance of sex until infection re-
solved, then usage of condoms
On the increase from men having sex
with men
Treponema pallidum (anaerobic spiro-
chete)
• Is a corkscrew-shaped, anaerobic bac-
terium that cannot be cultured in vitro
What is syphilis? (Bacterial infection) (grow in human organ or tissue only)
• Infects any body tissue
• Becomes a systemic disease shortly af-
ter infection
Maternal-fetal transmission can occur as
early as 9 weeks' gestation.
Tests
, NU 545 Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual Actual Emended Exam
Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
• Darkfield microscopy and serologic test-
ing
exudate from moist mucosal or cuta-
Where is the bacteria from syphillis pre- neous lesions, the spirochete is usually
sent? (Bacterial infection) transmitted to others during the first few
years of infection.
Because the spirochete can cross the
placental membrane to infect the fetus.
However, simple tx with penicillin is 98%
effective at preventing vertical transmis-
Why does untreated early syphilis result sion (from mother to baby during the pe-
in perinatal death (40-70%) during preg- riod immediately before and after birth) .
nancy? (Bacterial infection) Therefore, all pregnant women should be
screened at their first prenatal visit, and
women at risk should be screened again
in the 3rd trimester and at the time of
delivery.
Primary syphilis: local invasion
Treponema pallidum multiplies in epithe-
lium producing granulomatous tissue re-
The course of untreated syphilis consists action (chancre)
of 4 stages: From 12 days to 12 weeks after exposure
Stage 1 Primary (usually painless, Average duration: 3 weeks
round, and hard sores) Granulomatous tissue reaction: hard
Secondary chancre (eroded, painless, firm, and in-
Latent durated [hard] ulcer)
Tertiary Microorganisms drain with the lymphatic
fluid
Firm, enlarged, and nontender regional
lymph nodes
Stage 2, secondary syphilis
Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
STI: is the general term for any disease
that can be spread by intimate and/or
sexual contact.
Includes systemic diseases such as he-
What is an STI? (affect more than 20
patitis and tuberculosis
million Americans per year, and 1/2 are
Is prevalent in all socioeconomic and
younger than 25 years. Hidden epidemic.
racial or ethnic groups
Individuals who have unprotected non-
monogamous sex have the greatest risk
for STI exposure and infection.
Bacterial -(gonorrhea-syphilis-chan-
croid-granuloma inguinale-bacterial
vaginosis)
Types of sexually transmitted urogenital
Viral
infections
Protozoal
Parasitic
Fungal
Disseminated gonococcal infection
(DGI)
• Rare systemic complication brought
about by the spread of infection through
the bloodstream
• Life-threatening condition causing a
generalized rash and severe joint pain
Perihepatitis
• Spread of N. gonorrhoeae to the liver
Ophthalmia neonatorum
Gonorrhea (Bacterial infection)
• Gonococcal eye infection in an infant
from an infected mother (most states re-
quire prophylactic opthalmic antibiotics
to prevent gonococcal eye infection. Top-
ical antibiotics may not be effective in
eliminating neonatal infection and sys-
temic tx. is indicated for all newborns
with known exposure. (onset of symp-
toms 1-12 days) Newborns may also de-
velop gonorrheal rhinitis.
Gonnorhea (Bacterial infection)
, NU 545 Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual Actual Emended Exam
Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
Is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Transmission generally requires the con-
tact of epithelial surfaces such as vagi-
nal, oral, or anal intercourse, and infec-
tion in the adults can be in the vagina,
rectum, oropharynx, and the urethra.
Pregnant woman can pass gonorrhea to
her fetus through infected cervical and
vaginal secretions, and a mother can
pass it to her newborn child. Following
vertical transmission, the newborn eyes
can be infected and result in blindness if
untreated.
Humans are the only natural hosts.
Presence of pili helps N. gonorrhoeae
attach to the epithelial cells of mucous
membranes.
because of rapidly developing resistance
to antibiotics. CDC and WHO advise dual
drug treatment to treat the infection and
staunch increasing resistance.
Why is treatment for gonorrhea becom-
Antibiotic resistance is most common in
ing more difficult?
those who frequently have oral and anal
intercourse (men with men) CDC says
gonorrhea likely to become resistant to
all antibiotics in the near future.
• Endocervical canal (inner portion of the
cervix): most common site for women
• Urethra
• Skene and/or Bartholin glands
Common sites/complications of gonor- • Urethra or rectum: most common site for
rhea (Bacterial infection) men
Complications:
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Sterility
• Disseminated infection
Clinical manifestations of gonorrhea
(Bacterial infection)
, NU 545 Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual Actual Emended Exam
Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
• Men: sudden onset of painful urination
or purulent penile discharge, or both
(within a week from infection)
• Women (within 10 days of exposure or
1-2 days after the next period. More than
half are asymptomatic
Symptoms often do not appear until they
have spread to the upper reproductive
tract (uterus, fallopian/uterine tubes, and
ovaries)
Dysuria (difficult/painful urination)
Increased vaginal discharge, increased
flow or dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia
(painful sex) , lower abdominal and/or
pelvic pain
Fever; mucopurulent discharge from the
cervical os
• Antibiotic (ceftriaxone)
• Multidrug administration to reduce resis-
tance
treatment for gonorrhea (Bacterial infec-
• Resistant to many antibiotics
tion)
• Treatment of partners
• Avoidance of sex until infection re-
solved, then usage of condoms
On the increase from men having sex
with men
Treponema pallidum (anaerobic spiro-
chete)
• Is a corkscrew-shaped, anaerobic bac-
terium that cannot be cultured in vitro
What is syphilis? (Bacterial infection) (grow in human organ or tissue only)
• Infects any body tissue
• Becomes a systemic disease shortly af-
ter infection
Maternal-fetal transmission can occur as
early as 9 weeks' gestation.
Tests
, NU 545 Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual Actual Emended Exam
Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
• Darkfield microscopy and serologic test-
ing
exudate from moist mucosal or cuta-
Where is the bacteria from syphillis pre- neous lesions, the spirochete is usually
sent? (Bacterial infection) transmitted to others during the first few
years of infection.
Because the spirochete can cross the
placental membrane to infect the fetus.
However, simple tx with penicillin is 98%
effective at preventing vertical transmis-
Why does untreated early syphilis result sion (from mother to baby during the pe-
in perinatal death (40-70%) during preg- riod immediately before and after birth) .
nancy? (Bacterial infection) Therefore, all pregnant women should be
screened at their first prenatal visit, and
women at risk should be screened again
in the 3rd trimester and at the time of
delivery.
Primary syphilis: local invasion
Treponema pallidum multiplies in epithe-
lium producing granulomatous tissue re-
The course of untreated syphilis consists action (chancre)
of 4 stages: From 12 days to 12 weeks after exposure
Stage 1 Primary (usually painless, Average duration: 3 weeks
round, and hard sores) Granulomatous tissue reaction: hard
Secondary chancre (eroded, painless, firm, and in-
Latent durated [hard] ulcer)
Tertiary Microorganisms drain with the lymphatic
fluid
Firm, enlarged, and nontender regional
lymph nodes
Stage 2, secondary syphilis
