PN 3003 VARIATIONS (MENTAL
HEALTH)
what are the phases of substance dependency?
phase one: first use
-user experiences "high" & regulates amt of substance &
opportunities for use
phase two: hangover effects
-begins to feel guilty for behaviors during use
phase three: dependent lifestyle begins
-user no longer predict outcome; engages in compromising behaviors
& loses insight
phase four: dependency/addiction
-periods of blackout, paranoia, helplessness
what are the substance classes recognized by the DSM-5?
-alcohol
-caffeine
-stimulants (amphetamines, cocaine)
-hallucinogens (includes PCP/PHENCYCLIDINE)
-inhalants, opioids
-sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics
-other (or unknown) substance intoxication
what can lead to substance abuse?
-genetics, family influences
-peer pressure
-environmental stress factors
,-personality characteristics
-chronic physiologic disease
-codependency
-enabling
how does codependence & substance use/abuse affect family
dynamics?
tend to feel a responsibility for drug user's problem & internalize guilt
for behaviors of that person
-due to that, they will do anything to sustain the relationship and
enable the drug user
-will be defensive towards their behaviors
-family can become dysfunctional
what is the cycle of addiction?
precontemplation
-addict hasn't yet considered stopping behavior or use of substances
contemplation
-addict is starting to consider making a change in behavior
preparation
-addict is mentally & possibly physically making a change
action
-addict has taken an action, like tx, self-help groups or counseling. tx
has been provided & addict has stopped using
maintenance
-addict is maintaining their new lifestyle & behavior, following a
recovery program
which disorders are classified as substance induced disorders?
,-substance intoxication
-substance withdrawal
substance intoxication & s+s
maladaptive behavioral & psychological changes R/T effects of
substances on CNS
signs & symptoms
-disturbances in areas of perception, sleep-wake cycle
-attention, concentration, thinking & judgement
-flushed appearance, blood shot eyes
-increased RR & BP
substance withdrawal & s+s
symptom-specific maladaptive changes in behavior
-occurs when blood or tissue concentrations of drug declines
signs & symptoms
-develops several hours to a few days after cessation
-unpleasant symptoms occur so pt most likely to seek relief by re-
ingesting drug
what is CIWA?
Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment
-most common method to tx alcohol withdrawal symptoms
-benzos are the meds used
-helps prevent DTs from occurring
substance-specific use disorders & its types
patterns of cognitive, behavioral & physiological symptoms resulting
from continued substance abuse
symptoms range from:
, -mild: 2-3 symptoms
-moderate: 4-5 symptoms
-severe: over 6 symptoms
types: alcohol use disorder, cannabis, inhalant, opioid, stimulant,
caffeine, nicotine, sedative/anxiolytic, substance abuse by HCPs
what is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome & the s+s?
type of alcohol use disorder
encephalopathy & psychosis; nutritional disease of nervous system in
alcoholics
-primarily caused by thiamine & niacin deficiency, chronic use of
alcohol
-significant cerebral deterioration & actual cell death occurs w/
chronic & permanent impairment
signs & symptoms
-progressive memory loss
-disorientation w/ emotional lability & apathy
-weakness & fatigue
what is Delirium tremens?
type of alcohol use disorder
state of profound confusion & delusion w/ withdrawal symptoms seen
within short period of cessation
signs & symptoms:
-anxiety, tremors, seizures & hallucinations
-lasts 72-80hrs
-fatality rate 5-15% (pg. 241 mental health textbook. slide says 20%)
HEALTH)
what are the phases of substance dependency?
phase one: first use
-user experiences "high" & regulates amt of substance &
opportunities for use
phase two: hangover effects
-begins to feel guilty for behaviors during use
phase three: dependent lifestyle begins
-user no longer predict outcome; engages in compromising behaviors
& loses insight
phase four: dependency/addiction
-periods of blackout, paranoia, helplessness
what are the substance classes recognized by the DSM-5?
-alcohol
-caffeine
-stimulants (amphetamines, cocaine)
-hallucinogens (includes PCP/PHENCYCLIDINE)
-inhalants, opioids
-sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics
-other (or unknown) substance intoxication
what can lead to substance abuse?
-genetics, family influences
-peer pressure
-environmental stress factors
,-personality characteristics
-chronic physiologic disease
-codependency
-enabling
how does codependence & substance use/abuse affect family
dynamics?
tend to feel a responsibility for drug user's problem & internalize guilt
for behaviors of that person
-due to that, they will do anything to sustain the relationship and
enable the drug user
-will be defensive towards their behaviors
-family can become dysfunctional
what is the cycle of addiction?
precontemplation
-addict hasn't yet considered stopping behavior or use of substances
contemplation
-addict is starting to consider making a change in behavior
preparation
-addict is mentally & possibly physically making a change
action
-addict has taken an action, like tx, self-help groups or counseling. tx
has been provided & addict has stopped using
maintenance
-addict is maintaining their new lifestyle & behavior, following a
recovery program
which disorders are classified as substance induced disorders?
,-substance intoxication
-substance withdrawal
substance intoxication & s+s
maladaptive behavioral & psychological changes R/T effects of
substances on CNS
signs & symptoms
-disturbances in areas of perception, sleep-wake cycle
-attention, concentration, thinking & judgement
-flushed appearance, blood shot eyes
-increased RR & BP
substance withdrawal & s+s
symptom-specific maladaptive changes in behavior
-occurs when blood or tissue concentrations of drug declines
signs & symptoms
-develops several hours to a few days after cessation
-unpleasant symptoms occur so pt most likely to seek relief by re-
ingesting drug
what is CIWA?
Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment
-most common method to tx alcohol withdrawal symptoms
-benzos are the meds used
-helps prevent DTs from occurring
substance-specific use disorders & its types
patterns of cognitive, behavioral & physiological symptoms resulting
from continued substance abuse
symptoms range from:
, -mild: 2-3 symptoms
-moderate: 4-5 symptoms
-severe: over 6 symptoms
types: alcohol use disorder, cannabis, inhalant, opioid, stimulant,
caffeine, nicotine, sedative/anxiolytic, substance abuse by HCPs
what is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome & the s+s?
type of alcohol use disorder
encephalopathy & psychosis; nutritional disease of nervous system in
alcoholics
-primarily caused by thiamine & niacin deficiency, chronic use of
alcohol
-significant cerebral deterioration & actual cell death occurs w/
chronic & permanent impairment
signs & symptoms
-progressive memory loss
-disorientation w/ emotional lability & apathy
-weakness & fatigue
what is Delirium tremens?
type of alcohol use disorder
state of profound confusion & delusion w/ withdrawal symptoms seen
within short period of cessation
signs & symptoms:
-anxiety, tremors, seizures & hallucinations
-lasts 72-80hrs
-fatality rate 5-15% (pg. 241 mental health textbook. slide says 20%)
