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Medical-Surgical Nursing Comprehensive Question & Answers
Bank
Table of Contents
Topic 1: Cardiovascular Disorders and Interventions.......................................................................2
Topic 2: Respiratory Disorders and Oxygenation Management....................................................11
Topic 3: Renal and Urological Disorders.........................................................................................20
Topic 4: Endocrine Disorders and Metabolic Regulation...............................................................29
Topic 5: Neurological Disorders and Management........................................................................38
Topic 6: Cardiovascular Disorders and Hemodynamic Regulation................................................48
Topic 7: Respiratory Disorders and Oxygenation Management....................................................57
Topic 8: Renal and Genitourinary Disorders..................................................................................67
Topic 9: Endocrine Disorders and Hormonal Regulation...............................................................76
Topic 10: Neurologic Disorders and Neurovascular Management................................................85
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Topic 1: Cardiovascular Disorders and Interventions
Question 1:
A nurse is caring for a client with left-sided heart failure. Which
of the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Pulmonary crackles
C. Jugular vein distention
D. Hepatomegaly
Correct Answer: B. Pulmonary crackles
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure leads to pulmonary
congestion as the left ventricle fails to effectively pump blood,
resulting in fluid backup into the lungs. This causes crackles
during auscultation. Peripheral edema and hepatomegaly are
signs of right-sided heart failure.
Question 2:
Which ECG change is most indicative of myocardial infarction
(MI)?
A. Prolonged PR interval
B. ST-segment elevation
C. Inverted P wave
D. Shortened QT interval
Correct Answer: B. ST-segment elevation
Rationale: ST-segment elevation indicates acute injury to
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myocardial tissue and is a hallmark of ST-elevation myocardial
infarction (STEMI), requiring immediate intervention.
Question 3:
A client who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
surgery is experiencing chest drainage of 200 mL/hr. What is
the nurse’s priority action?
A. Administer a fluid bolus
B. Notify the surgeon immediately
C. Reposition the client
D. Document the output and continue monitoring
Correct Answer: B. Notify the surgeon immediately
Rationale: Drainage >150 mL/hr after a CABG may indicate
hemorrhage. Prompt surgical evaluation is necessary to prevent
complications.
Question 4:
Which medication should the nurse question if prescribed for a
client with bradycardia?
A. Metoprolol
B. Atropine
C. Isoproterenol
D. Dopamine
Correct Answer: A. Metoprolol
Rationale: Metoprolol is a beta-blocker that can further lower
the heart rate and should be avoided in bradycardic patients.
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Question 5:
The nurse is teaching a client with hypertension about lifestyle
modifications. Which statement by the client indicates
understanding?
A. “I will drink a glass of red wine every evening.”
B. “I will reduce my sodium intake to less than 1,500 mg per
day.”
C. “I can stop my medications once my BP is normal.”
D. “I should avoid all physical activities.”
Correct Answer: B. “I will reduce my sodium intake to less
than 1,500 mg per day.”
Rationale: Limiting sodium intake helps manage blood
pressure. Regular medication adherence and physical activity
are also vital.
Question 6:
A client with atrial fibrillation is prescribed warfarin. What
should the nurse emphasize during discharge teaching?
A. Take ibuprofen as needed for pain
B. Increase intake of leafy green vegetables
C. Maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K
D. Double the dose if a dose is missed
Correct Answer: C. Maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K
Rationale: Warfarin interacts with vitamin K, so consistency is
Medical-Surgical Nursing Comprehensive Question & Answers
Bank
Table of Contents
Topic 1: Cardiovascular Disorders and Interventions.......................................................................2
Topic 2: Respiratory Disorders and Oxygenation Management....................................................11
Topic 3: Renal and Urological Disorders.........................................................................................20
Topic 4: Endocrine Disorders and Metabolic Regulation...............................................................29
Topic 5: Neurological Disorders and Management........................................................................38
Topic 6: Cardiovascular Disorders and Hemodynamic Regulation................................................48
Topic 7: Respiratory Disorders and Oxygenation Management....................................................57
Topic 8: Renal and Genitourinary Disorders..................................................................................67
Topic 9: Endocrine Disorders and Hormonal Regulation...............................................................76
Topic 10: Neurologic Disorders and Neurovascular Management................................................85
, 2
Topic 1: Cardiovascular Disorders and Interventions
Question 1:
A nurse is caring for a client with left-sided heart failure. Which
of the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Pulmonary crackles
C. Jugular vein distention
D. Hepatomegaly
Correct Answer: B. Pulmonary crackles
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure leads to pulmonary
congestion as the left ventricle fails to effectively pump blood,
resulting in fluid backup into the lungs. This causes crackles
during auscultation. Peripheral edema and hepatomegaly are
signs of right-sided heart failure.
Question 2:
Which ECG change is most indicative of myocardial infarction
(MI)?
A. Prolonged PR interval
B. ST-segment elevation
C. Inverted P wave
D. Shortened QT interval
Correct Answer: B. ST-segment elevation
Rationale: ST-segment elevation indicates acute injury to
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myocardial tissue and is a hallmark of ST-elevation myocardial
infarction (STEMI), requiring immediate intervention.
Question 3:
A client who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
surgery is experiencing chest drainage of 200 mL/hr. What is
the nurse’s priority action?
A. Administer a fluid bolus
B. Notify the surgeon immediately
C. Reposition the client
D. Document the output and continue monitoring
Correct Answer: B. Notify the surgeon immediately
Rationale: Drainage >150 mL/hr after a CABG may indicate
hemorrhage. Prompt surgical evaluation is necessary to prevent
complications.
Question 4:
Which medication should the nurse question if prescribed for a
client with bradycardia?
A. Metoprolol
B. Atropine
C. Isoproterenol
D. Dopamine
Correct Answer: A. Metoprolol
Rationale: Metoprolol is a beta-blocker that can further lower
the heart rate and should be avoided in bradycardic patients.
, 4
Question 5:
The nurse is teaching a client with hypertension about lifestyle
modifications. Which statement by the client indicates
understanding?
A. “I will drink a glass of red wine every evening.”
B. “I will reduce my sodium intake to less than 1,500 mg per
day.”
C. “I can stop my medications once my BP is normal.”
D. “I should avoid all physical activities.”
Correct Answer: B. “I will reduce my sodium intake to less
than 1,500 mg per day.”
Rationale: Limiting sodium intake helps manage blood
pressure. Regular medication adherence and physical activity
are also vital.
Question 6:
A client with atrial fibrillation is prescribed warfarin. What
should the nurse emphasize during discharge teaching?
A. Take ibuprofen as needed for pain
B. Increase intake of leafy green vegetables
C. Maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K
D. Double the dose if a dose is missed
Correct Answer: C. Maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K
Rationale: Warfarin interacts with vitamin K, so consistency is
