- Break of reality
Symptoms
Positive symptoms
- Hallucinations
- Perceptions without stimulus
- Delusions
- Fixed false believes
- Do not hold within cultural context
- Blurry lines - e.g. religion
- Bizarre or Non-Bizarre
- Paranoia, Grandiose, Ideas of reference, Thought broadcasting (-->
believing that everybody can hear their thoughts)
- Passivity phenomena (sometimes are called delusions of control); experiences or
believes that another agent is controlling your behavior and thoughts, so not
generated by themselves
Negatives symptoms
- Flat affect; do not express any emotions
- Lack of pleasure in everyday life
- Anhedonia
- Lack of ability to begin and sustain planned activities
- Speaking little, even when forced to interact
- Alogia
- Social withdrawal
Disorganization
, - Thought Disorder (form)
- Derailment (loose associations)
- Poverty of speech
- Illogicality
- Perseveration (repeat specific words of sentences multiple times)
- Neologisms (come up with completely new words that not exist)
Cognitive deficits
- The symptoms that were already described in the very early of this disorder
- Kraepelin, 1919:
‘’Mental efficiency is always diminished to a considerable
degree. The patients are distracted, inattentive… they cannot
keep the thought in mind.’’
- Patiënt of Kraepelin, 1919:
‘’My whole mental power has disappeared, I have sunk
intellectually below the level of a beast.’’
- Not immediately visible, but really important problem for
many patients
- Around 70-85% of the patients with schizophrenia have
cognitive impairments
Cognitive deficits are important
- Present before full-blown disorder
- Impact on functional outcome
- Illness prognoses and disease outcome
- Benefits of treatment may be limited
- Related to costs of care
Prevalence
Symptoms
Positive symptoms
- Hallucinations
- Perceptions without stimulus
- Delusions
- Fixed false believes
- Do not hold within cultural context
- Blurry lines - e.g. religion
- Bizarre or Non-Bizarre
- Paranoia, Grandiose, Ideas of reference, Thought broadcasting (-->
believing that everybody can hear their thoughts)
- Passivity phenomena (sometimes are called delusions of control); experiences or
believes that another agent is controlling your behavior and thoughts, so not
generated by themselves
Negatives symptoms
- Flat affect; do not express any emotions
- Lack of pleasure in everyday life
- Anhedonia
- Lack of ability to begin and sustain planned activities
- Speaking little, even when forced to interact
- Alogia
- Social withdrawal
Disorganization
, - Thought Disorder (form)
- Derailment (loose associations)
- Poverty of speech
- Illogicality
- Perseveration (repeat specific words of sentences multiple times)
- Neologisms (come up with completely new words that not exist)
Cognitive deficits
- The symptoms that were already described in the very early of this disorder
- Kraepelin, 1919:
‘’Mental efficiency is always diminished to a considerable
degree. The patients are distracted, inattentive… they cannot
keep the thought in mind.’’
- Patiënt of Kraepelin, 1919:
‘’My whole mental power has disappeared, I have sunk
intellectually below the level of a beast.’’
- Not immediately visible, but really important problem for
many patients
- Around 70-85% of the patients with schizophrenia have
cognitive impairments
Cognitive deficits are important
- Present before full-blown disorder
- Impact on functional outcome
- Illness prognoses and disease outcome
- Benefits of treatment may be limited
- Related to costs of care
Prevalence
