.
Fresenius New Hire, Exam Study Guide [ACTUAL EXAM]
LATEST VERSION [QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS] WITH
STUDY GUIDE DETAILED AND VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED
PASS- LATEST UPDATE 2025 GRADED A
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? - CORRECT
ANSWER Removal of waste products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - CORRECT ANSWER hormone produced by
the kidneys with important effects on regulation of the blood pressure, and on
sodium, and potassium balance
What is homeostasis? - CORRECT ANSWER Steady internal state of
equilibrium in the body.
Intracellular - CORRECT ANSWER Inside the cells
Intravascular - CORRECT ANSWER inside the blood vessels
Extracellular - CORRECT ANSWER outside the cells
Interstitial - CORRECT ANSWER between the cells
What are the body fluid compartments? - CORRECT ANSWER Intracellular,
Extracellular, Intravascular, Interstitial
What is hemodialysis? (HD) - CORRECT ANSWER Outpatient setting
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) - CORRECT ANSWER Patient's home
What factors impact the rate of diffusion ? - CORRECT ANSWER
Concentration Gradient, Temperature, Molecular weight of solutes, Nature of the
solution, Membrane Permeability, Surface area, Flow Geometry Convection
,What are three types of solutions? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypotonic,
Isotonic, Hypertonic
What is hypotonic? - CORRECT ANSWER Containing less particles
What is Isotonic? - CORRECT ANSWER Containing equal particles
What is Hypertonic? - CORRECT ANSWER Containing more particles
Countercurrent Flow is? - CORRECT ANSWER Blood and Dialysate flow in
opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - CORRECT ANSWER
either from inadequate heparinization or an improperly primed dialyzer, diffusion
is decreased.
What are the compartments of a dialyzer? - CORRECT ANSWER Blood
compartment, dialysate compartment
What separates the dialyzer compartments? - CORRECT ANSWER There is
potting material on both ends of the dialyzer to assure separation of the blood
and dialysate
What volume should be used for fresh fill? - CORRECT ANSWER MUST be
performed prior to the initiation of every treatment
What position should the dialyzer be in during hemodialysis? - CORRECT
ANSWER Arterial end up during treatment
What should be checked on a dialyzer before machine set up? - CORRECT
ANSWER Sterilization, any structural damage, size, and brand ordered by the
physician
What are electrolytes? - CORRECT ANSWER Charged particles that can
conduct an electrical current.
Electrolytes found in dialysate are - CORRECT ANSWER Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+) Calcium (Ca++) Magnesium (Mg++) Chloride (Cl-)
What is pH? - CORRECT ANSWER pH= to 7; acid and base ions are equal.
, Normal blood pH is - CORRECT ANSWER 7.35- 7.45
Four ways dialysate is checked to ensure that is it safe? - CORRECT ANSWER
Check pH, Conductivity, monitoring the machine temperature, and a negative
residual chlorine (bleach)
What is conductivity? - CORRECT ANSWER Ability of a solution to transmit
or conduct an electrical current
What is TMP? - CORRECT ANSWER Transmembrane pressure is the
pressure of difference across the dialyzer membrane. It reflects the total pressure
across the membrane used to achieve the desired fluid loss
How can you tell if a dialyzer is clotting? - CORRECT ANSWER Rising TMP,
rising venous pressure, dark blood in the dialyzer, and air detector alarms.
What are the two machine alarms that MUST pass? - CORRECT ANSWER
Alarm Safety and Pressure holding
What is dextrose, why is it added to dialysate? - CORRECT ANSWER A form
of glucose, it is added to prevent hypoglycemia
What causes increased arterial and venous pressures? - CORRECT ANSWER
Arterial pressures; kinks, clamp or occlusion on arterial line
Venous pressures infiltration or poor needle placement
When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? -
CORRECT ANSWER Mild to severe reactions in some cases, usually seen in
the first half hour of treatment, Sneezing, itching, pain, at the access site. Chest
pain, rash, hives, fever.
Large/ major blood leak treated? - CORRECT ANSWER Do NOT return the
blood
Normal body temperature - CORRECT ANSWER 98.6F or 37C with a range
between 96.4F 98.9F
When might it become necessary to hand crank the blood pump? - CORRECT
ANSWER Machine failures, machines accidentally becoming unplugged, over
load of an electrical circuit, or a power outage in the area
Fresenius New Hire, Exam Study Guide [ACTUAL EXAM]
LATEST VERSION [QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS] WITH
STUDY GUIDE DETAILED AND VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED
PASS- LATEST UPDATE 2025 GRADED A
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? - CORRECT
ANSWER Removal of waste products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - CORRECT ANSWER hormone produced by
the kidneys with important effects on regulation of the blood pressure, and on
sodium, and potassium balance
What is homeostasis? - CORRECT ANSWER Steady internal state of
equilibrium in the body.
Intracellular - CORRECT ANSWER Inside the cells
Intravascular - CORRECT ANSWER inside the blood vessels
Extracellular - CORRECT ANSWER outside the cells
Interstitial - CORRECT ANSWER between the cells
What are the body fluid compartments? - CORRECT ANSWER Intracellular,
Extracellular, Intravascular, Interstitial
What is hemodialysis? (HD) - CORRECT ANSWER Outpatient setting
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) - CORRECT ANSWER Patient's home
What factors impact the rate of diffusion ? - CORRECT ANSWER
Concentration Gradient, Temperature, Molecular weight of solutes, Nature of the
solution, Membrane Permeability, Surface area, Flow Geometry Convection
,What are three types of solutions? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypotonic,
Isotonic, Hypertonic
What is hypotonic? - CORRECT ANSWER Containing less particles
What is Isotonic? - CORRECT ANSWER Containing equal particles
What is Hypertonic? - CORRECT ANSWER Containing more particles
Countercurrent Flow is? - CORRECT ANSWER Blood and Dialysate flow in
opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - CORRECT ANSWER
either from inadequate heparinization or an improperly primed dialyzer, diffusion
is decreased.
What are the compartments of a dialyzer? - CORRECT ANSWER Blood
compartment, dialysate compartment
What separates the dialyzer compartments? - CORRECT ANSWER There is
potting material on both ends of the dialyzer to assure separation of the blood
and dialysate
What volume should be used for fresh fill? - CORRECT ANSWER MUST be
performed prior to the initiation of every treatment
What position should the dialyzer be in during hemodialysis? - CORRECT
ANSWER Arterial end up during treatment
What should be checked on a dialyzer before machine set up? - CORRECT
ANSWER Sterilization, any structural damage, size, and brand ordered by the
physician
What are electrolytes? - CORRECT ANSWER Charged particles that can
conduct an electrical current.
Electrolytes found in dialysate are - CORRECT ANSWER Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+) Calcium (Ca++) Magnesium (Mg++) Chloride (Cl-)
What is pH? - CORRECT ANSWER pH= to 7; acid and base ions are equal.
, Normal blood pH is - CORRECT ANSWER 7.35- 7.45
Four ways dialysate is checked to ensure that is it safe? - CORRECT ANSWER
Check pH, Conductivity, monitoring the machine temperature, and a negative
residual chlorine (bleach)
What is conductivity? - CORRECT ANSWER Ability of a solution to transmit
or conduct an electrical current
What is TMP? - CORRECT ANSWER Transmembrane pressure is the
pressure of difference across the dialyzer membrane. It reflects the total pressure
across the membrane used to achieve the desired fluid loss
How can you tell if a dialyzer is clotting? - CORRECT ANSWER Rising TMP,
rising venous pressure, dark blood in the dialyzer, and air detector alarms.
What are the two machine alarms that MUST pass? - CORRECT ANSWER
Alarm Safety and Pressure holding
What is dextrose, why is it added to dialysate? - CORRECT ANSWER A form
of glucose, it is added to prevent hypoglycemia
What causes increased arterial and venous pressures? - CORRECT ANSWER
Arterial pressures; kinks, clamp or occlusion on arterial line
Venous pressures infiltration or poor needle placement
When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? -
CORRECT ANSWER Mild to severe reactions in some cases, usually seen in
the first half hour of treatment, Sneezing, itching, pain, at the access site. Chest
pain, rash, hives, fever.
Large/ major blood leak treated? - CORRECT ANSWER Do NOT return the
blood
Normal body temperature - CORRECT ANSWER 98.6F or 37C with a range
between 96.4F 98.9F
When might it become necessary to hand crank the blood pump? - CORRECT
ANSWER Machine failures, machines accidentally becoming unplugged, over
load of an electrical circuit, or a power outage in the area
