CONTENTS
Preface iv
Part 1 Impact of Cultural Diversity on Law Enforcement
Chapter 1 Multicultural Communities: Challenges for Law Enforcement 1
Chapter 2 The Changing Law Enforcement Agency: A Microcosm of Society 10
Chapter 3 Multicultural Representation in Law Enforcement: Recruitment, 18
Retention, and Promotion
Chapter 4 Cross-Cultural Communication for Law Enforcement 26
Part 2 Cultural Specifics for Law Enforcement
Chapter 5 Law Enforcement Contact with Asian/Pacific Americans 35
Chapter 6 Law Enforcement Contact with African Americans 37
Chapter 7 Law Enforcement Contact with Latino/Hispanic Americans 39
Chapter 8 Law Enforcement Contact with Arab Americans and Other Middle 41
Eastern Groups
Chapter 9 Law Enforcement Contact with Native Americans 43
Part 3 Multicultural Law Enforcement Elements in Terrorism and
Disaster Preparedness
Chapter 10 Multicultural Law Enforcement and Terrorism, Homeland Security, 53
And Disaster Preparedness
Part 4 Response Strategies for Crimes Motivated by Hate/Bias and
Racial Profiling
Chapter 11 Hate/Bias Crimes: Victims, Laws, Investigations, and Prosecutions 59
Chapter 12 Hate/Bias Crimes: Reporting, Monitoring, and Response Strategies 68
Chapter 13 Racial Profiling 78
Part 5 Cultural Effectiveness for Peace Officers
Chapter 14 Community Policing and Multicultural Response Strategies for 87
Gangs, the Homeless, and the Mentally Ill
Multicultural Law Enforcement
Chapter 15 Emerging Strategies, Roles, and Technology for Peace Officers in 92
Multicultural Law Enforcement
Recommendations to Instructors: Preparation and Implementation of 98
Cultural Awareness Training
, PREFACE
This manual is designed to accompany Multicultural Law Enforcement: Strategies for
Peacekeeping in a Diverse Society, 5th edition. We have provided additional class
topics, exercises for discussion, quizzes, and sources for further information. We have
included notes to the instructor in order to highlight, update, or elaborate upon key
points in the chapter. We hope that you will find the Instructor's Manual a helpful
supplement to Multicultural Law Enforcement: Strategies for Peacekeeping in a
Diverse Society. The instructor should also utilize the PowerPoint slides, online
TestGen system for web-based tests and quizzes available from the publisher.
THE CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY
IN LAW ENFORCEMENT
From the authors' collective training experience in law enforcement, we advise
instructors to expect resistance from some students to the topic of cultural diversity. As
discussed in the first section of Chapter 1, some students may not see that there is
anything special that needs to be addressed with regard to changing demographics. A
sentiment among some officers may be, ―Treat everyone fairly and with respect. Don't
treat people differently just because of their background.‖ The instructor should put some
thought into dealing with controversy in the classroom before beginning a course or
training of this nature and he or she should establish guidelines with the students.
Following are our suggestions:
1. Listen fully to the student's opinion, resisting the temptation to interrupt or
disagree.
2. Establish from the beginning of the class that students must give each other
respect for diverse viewpoints; the instructor should be the first to model this
respect.
3. Establish that students can agree to disagree, but students must control the
temptation to confront or accuse one another.
4. Remind students that they themselves are a diverse group (point out: age, gender,
ethnicity, education level, and geographic differences) and talk about how each
person's respective background contributes to widely different perceptions,
experiences, and reality.
5. Point out that if students have a difficult time acknowledging the diversity of
viewpoints in their own class in a professional manner, they may tend to become
easily inflamed with citizens. Calm and controlled communication in class is good
practice.
6. Require that, as a skill that can be transferred to day-to-day policing, all students
work on using communication skills to defuse conflict, rather than to escalate it.
7. Remind students of the following if they continue to resist the importance of
cultural diversity and its impact on law enforcement:
a. Historically, the relations between minorities and police have been poor
and this affects officer–citizen contact today.
b. Dealing with citizens whose mother tongue is not English requires special
ii
Preface iv
Part 1 Impact of Cultural Diversity on Law Enforcement
Chapter 1 Multicultural Communities: Challenges for Law Enforcement 1
Chapter 2 The Changing Law Enforcement Agency: A Microcosm of Society 10
Chapter 3 Multicultural Representation in Law Enforcement: Recruitment, 18
Retention, and Promotion
Chapter 4 Cross-Cultural Communication for Law Enforcement 26
Part 2 Cultural Specifics for Law Enforcement
Chapter 5 Law Enforcement Contact with Asian/Pacific Americans 35
Chapter 6 Law Enforcement Contact with African Americans 37
Chapter 7 Law Enforcement Contact with Latino/Hispanic Americans 39
Chapter 8 Law Enforcement Contact with Arab Americans and Other Middle 41
Eastern Groups
Chapter 9 Law Enforcement Contact with Native Americans 43
Part 3 Multicultural Law Enforcement Elements in Terrorism and
Disaster Preparedness
Chapter 10 Multicultural Law Enforcement and Terrorism, Homeland Security, 53
And Disaster Preparedness
Part 4 Response Strategies for Crimes Motivated by Hate/Bias and
Racial Profiling
Chapter 11 Hate/Bias Crimes: Victims, Laws, Investigations, and Prosecutions 59
Chapter 12 Hate/Bias Crimes: Reporting, Monitoring, and Response Strategies 68
Chapter 13 Racial Profiling 78
Part 5 Cultural Effectiveness for Peace Officers
Chapter 14 Community Policing and Multicultural Response Strategies for 87
Gangs, the Homeless, and the Mentally Ill
Multicultural Law Enforcement
Chapter 15 Emerging Strategies, Roles, and Technology for Peace Officers in 92
Multicultural Law Enforcement
Recommendations to Instructors: Preparation and Implementation of 98
Cultural Awareness Training
, PREFACE
This manual is designed to accompany Multicultural Law Enforcement: Strategies for
Peacekeeping in a Diverse Society, 5th edition. We have provided additional class
topics, exercises for discussion, quizzes, and sources for further information. We have
included notes to the instructor in order to highlight, update, or elaborate upon key
points in the chapter. We hope that you will find the Instructor's Manual a helpful
supplement to Multicultural Law Enforcement: Strategies for Peacekeeping in a
Diverse Society. The instructor should also utilize the PowerPoint slides, online
TestGen system for web-based tests and quizzes available from the publisher.
THE CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY
IN LAW ENFORCEMENT
From the authors' collective training experience in law enforcement, we advise
instructors to expect resistance from some students to the topic of cultural diversity. As
discussed in the first section of Chapter 1, some students may not see that there is
anything special that needs to be addressed with regard to changing demographics. A
sentiment among some officers may be, ―Treat everyone fairly and with respect. Don't
treat people differently just because of their background.‖ The instructor should put some
thought into dealing with controversy in the classroom before beginning a course or
training of this nature and he or she should establish guidelines with the students.
Following are our suggestions:
1. Listen fully to the student's opinion, resisting the temptation to interrupt or
disagree.
2. Establish from the beginning of the class that students must give each other
respect for diverse viewpoints; the instructor should be the first to model this
respect.
3. Establish that students can agree to disagree, but students must control the
temptation to confront or accuse one another.
4. Remind students that they themselves are a diverse group (point out: age, gender,
ethnicity, education level, and geographic differences) and talk about how each
person's respective background contributes to widely different perceptions,
experiences, and reality.
5. Point out that if students have a difficult time acknowledging the diversity of
viewpoints in their own class in a professional manner, they may tend to become
easily inflamed with citizens. Calm and controlled communication in class is good
practice.
6. Require that, as a skill that can be transferred to day-to-day policing, all students
work on using communication skills to defuse conflict, rather than to escalate it.
7. Remind students of the following if they continue to resist the importance of
cultural diversity and its impact on law enforcement:
a. Historically, the relations between minorities and police have been poor
and this affects officer–citizen contact today.
b. Dealing with citizens whose mother tongue is not English requires special
ii
