PENOLOGY UPDATED EXAM 2 Questions
And Correct Answers
Corrections - CORRECT ANSWERS The Variety of programs, services, facilities, and
organizations responsible for the management of individuals who have been accused or convicted of
criminal offenses
Social control - CORRECT ANSWERS and practices of individuals and institutions, designed to
induce conformity with the norms and rules of society
System - CORRECT ANSWERS A complex whole consisting of interdependent parts whose
operations are directed toward common goals and are influenced by the environment in which they
function
Federalism - CORRECT ANSWERS A system of government in which power and responsibilities
are dividec between national governments and state governments
Prison - CORRECT ANSWERS for the incarceration of people convicted of serious crimes usually
felonies
Jail - CORRECT ANSWERS A facility authorized to hold pretrial detainees and sentenced
misdemeanants for periods longer than 48 hours. County goverements run them and sometimes state
Probation - CORRECT ANSWERS An agency that supervises the community adjustment of people
who are convicted of crimes but are not sentenced to confinement in prison or jail
Parole - CORRECT ANSWERS A system of supervision of those who have been released from
confinement. Sometimes including the option of early release from confinement before the expiration of
the sentence
Penitentiary - CORRECT ANSWERS An instiution intended to isolate prisoners from society and
from one another so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and thus undergo reformation
, Separate confinement - CORRECT ANSWERS system developed in Pennsylvania in which each
inmate was held in isolation from other inmates with all activities including craft work went on in their
cells
Congregate system - CORRECT ANSWERS A system developed in Auburn NY in which inmates
held in isolation at night but workd with other prisoners during the day
Lease system - CORRECT ANSWERS - A system under which inmates were leased to contractors
who provided prisoners with food and clothing for exchange to work
Positivist school - CORRECT ANSWERS an approach to criminology and other social sciences
based on assumption that human behavior is a product of outside sources
Medical model - CORRECT ANSWERS actions based off social, physiological and biological
deficiencies
Community Corrections - CORRECT ANSWERS Based off the idea that offenders should be
rehabilitated for the community
Enlightenment (Age of Reason) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1700s in Europe, when concepts of
liberalism, rationality, equality, and individualism dominated social and political thinking
Utilitarianism - CORRECT ANSWERS The doctrine that the aim of all action should be the
greatest possible balance of pleasure over pain, hence the belief that a punishment inflicted on an offender
must achieve enough good to outweigh the pain inflicted
Retribution - CORRECT ANSWERS Punishment inflicited on a person who has infringed the
rights of other and so deserves to be penalized. The Severity of the sanction should fit the seriousness of
the crime.
And Correct Answers
Corrections - CORRECT ANSWERS The Variety of programs, services, facilities, and
organizations responsible for the management of individuals who have been accused or convicted of
criminal offenses
Social control - CORRECT ANSWERS and practices of individuals and institutions, designed to
induce conformity with the norms and rules of society
System - CORRECT ANSWERS A complex whole consisting of interdependent parts whose
operations are directed toward common goals and are influenced by the environment in which they
function
Federalism - CORRECT ANSWERS A system of government in which power and responsibilities
are dividec between national governments and state governments
Prison - CORRECT ANSWERS for the incarceration of people convicted of serious crimes usually
felonies
Jail - CORRECT ANSWERS A facility authorized to hold pretrial detainees and sentenced
misdemeanants for periods longer than 48 hours. County goverements run them and sometimes state
Probation - CORRECT ANSWERS An agency that supervises the community adjustment of people
who are convicted of crimes but are not sentenced to confinement in prison or jail
Parole - CORRECT ANSWERS A system of supervision of those who have been released from
confinement. Sometimes including the option of early release from confinement before the expiration of
the sentence
Penitentiary - CORRECT ANSWERS An instiution intended to isolate prisoners from society and
from one another so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and thus undergo reformation
, Separate confinement - CORRECT ANSWERS system developed in Pennsylvania in which each
inmate was held in isolation from other inmates with all activities including craft work went on in their
cells
Congregate system - CORRECT ANSWERS A system developed in Auburn NY in which inmates
held in isolation at night but workd with other prisoners during the day
Lease system - CORRECT ANSWERS - A system under which inmates were leased to contractors
who provided prisoners with food and clothing for exchange to work
Positivist school - CORRECT ANSWERS an approach to criminology and other social sciences
based on assumption that human behavior is a product of outside sources
Medical model - CORRECT ANSWERS actions based off social, physiological and biological
deficiencies
Community Corrections - CORRECT ANSWERS Based off the idea that offenders should be
rehabilitated for the community
Enlightenment (Age of Reason) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1700s in Europe, when concepts of
liberalism, rationality, equality, and individualism dominated social and political thinking
Utilitarianism - CORRECT ANSWERS The doctrine that the aim of all action should be the
greatest possible balance of pleasure over pain, hence the belief that a punishment inflicted on an offender
must achieve enough good to outweigh the pain inflicted
Retribution - CORRECT ANSWERS Punishment inflicited on a person who has infringed the
rights of other and so deserves to be penalized. The Severity of the sanction should fit the seriousness of
the crime.
