NSG318 / NSG 318 EXAM 1
Introduction to Pharmacology - GCU
Actual Questions and Answers
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This Exam contains:
100% Guarantee Pass.
Each Question Includes The Correct Answer
Expert-Verified explanation
,What are the 3 liver enzymes?
Correct Answer:
Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline
phosphatase (ALP)
Expert Ra onale:
AST, ALT, and ALP are primary biomarkers measured to assess hepa c
func on. AST and ALT are intracellular enzymes released into the
circula on following hepatocellular injury and are crucial for evalua ng
hepatocellular damage. ALP, while found in the liver, also exists in bone
and other ssues and can be elevated in condi ons affec ng bile flow
(cholestasis). Comprehensive assessment of liver dysfunc on relies on
evalua ng all three in conjunc on with clinical presenta on.
---
What method of administra on is pu ng a tablet under the tongue?
Correct Answer:
Sublingual
Expert Ra onale:
The sublingual route involves placing medica on under the tongue for
absorp on via the rich vascular supply. This bypasses the
,gastrointes nal tract and hepa c first-pass metabolism, thus facilita ng
more rapid and efficient systemic drug availability.
---
What lab test reflects the func on of the kidney?
Correct Answer:
Crea nine
Expert Ra onale:
Serum crea nine is a key marker of renal func on, as its concentra on
in blood increases with renal impairment. Because crea nine is
primarily filtered by the glomerulus and only minimally secreted by
renal tubules, changes in its concentra on are a sensi ve indicator of
glomerular filtra on rate (GFR).
---
Decreased responsiveness of a drug over the course of therapy is the
defini on of what?
Correct Answer:
, Tolerance
Expert Ra onale:
Tolerance refers to a pharmacological phenomenon where sustained
drug exposure results in decreased efficacy, requiring higher doses to
achieve the same therapeu c effect. It is dis nct from dependence or
addic on, and can develop with various drug classes, notably opioids
and benzodiazepines.
---
Tachyphylaxis
Correct Answer:
Rapid tolerance
Expert Ra onale:
Tachyphylaxis is characterized by a sudden, acute decrease in response
to a drug a1er ini al doses. This is typically observed with some
medica ons such as decongestants or nitrates, and differen ates from
tolerance by its rapid onset, rendering subsequent doses ineffec ve
shortly a1er administra on begins.
Introduction to Pharmacology - GCU
Actual Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
This Exam contains:
100% Guarantee Pass.
Each Question Includes The Correct Answer
Expert-Verified explanation
,What are the 3 liver enzymes?
Correct Answer:
Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline
phosphatase (ALP)
Expert Ra onale:
AST, ALT, and ALP are primary biomarkers measured to assess hepa c
func on. AST and ALT are intracellular enzymes released into the
circula on following hepatocellular injury and are crucial for evalua ng
hepatocellular damage. ALP, while found in the liver, also exists in bone
and other ssues and can be elevated in condi ons affec ng bile flow
(cholestasis). Comprehensive assessment of liver dysfunc on relies on
evalua ng all three in conjunc on with clinical presenta on.
---
What method of administra on is pu ng a tablet under the tongue?
Correct Answer:
Sublingual
Expert Ra onale:
The sublingual route involves placing medica on under the tongue for
absorp on via the rich vascular supply. This bypasses the
,gastrointes nal tract and hepa c first-pass metabolism, thus facilita ng
more rapid and efficient systemic drug availability.
---
What lab test reflects the func on of the kidney?
Correct Answer:
Crea nine
Expert Ra onale:
Serum crea nine is a key marker of renal func on, as its concentra on
in blood increases with renal impairment. Because crea nine is
primarily filtered by the glomerulus and only minimally secreted by
renal tubules, changes in its concentra on are a sensi ve indicator of
glomerular filtra on rate (GFR).
---
Decreased responsiveness of a drug over the course of therapy is the
defini on of what?
Correct Answer:
, Tolerance
Expert Ra onale:
Tolerance refers to a pharmacological phenomenon where sustained
drug exposure results in decreased efficacy, requiring higher doses to
achieve the same therapeu c effect. It is dis nct from dependence or
addic on, and can develop with various drug classes, notably opioids
and benzodiazepines.
---
Tachyphylaxis
Correct Answer:
Rapid tolerance
Expert Ra onale:
Tachyphylaxis is characterized by a sudden, acute decrease in response
to a drug a1er ini al doses. This is typically observed with some
medica ons such as decongestants or nitrates, and differen ates from
tolerance by its rapid onset, rendering subsequent doses ineffec ve
shortly a1er administra on begins.
