(Chapter 2) Comprehensive
Questions (Frequently Tested)
with Verified Answers Graded
A+
Ethnocentrism - Answer: •Thinking of ourselves and those most similar to us as better than
others.
Leon Festinger - Answer: •Recognized the limitation of philosophical reasoning approaches
integrated into decision making models.
•How we think we should behave is different from how we decide to behave.
•Coined term of Cognitive Dissonance in 19 56.
Sample Responses to the Heinz Dilemma - Answer: •Egoism: Steal the drug, depending on how
much Heinz likes his wife and how much risk to stealing.
•Ends justify the means: Steal the drug, due to loving the wife so much and cannot watch her
die.
•Act Utilitarianism: Weigh the costs and benefits of alternative actions.
•Rule Utilitarianism; justice: Do not steal the drug, since stealing is against the law.
•Rights: Right to life above all else (Constitutionally: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness).