Science Medicine Cardiology
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DYSRHYTHMIAS
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Relias Dysrhythmia Basic A Basic Dysrhythmia-Relias Perfussion kahoot
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One of the most useful and commonly used diagnostic tools is
electrocardiography (EKG) which measures the heart's electrical
activity as waveforms. An EKG uses electrodes attached to the
skin to detect electric current moving through the heart. These
signals are transmitted to produce a record of cardiac activity.
EKG interpretation
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia are disturbances in the normal
cardiac rhythm of the heart which occurs as a result of alterations
within the conduction of electrical impulses. These impulses
stimulate and coordinate atrial and ventricular myocardial
contractions that provide cardiac output.
Sinus tachycardia is a heart rate greater than 100 beats per
minute that originated from the sinus node.
Rate: 100 to 180 beats per minute
P Waves precede each QRS complex
PR interval is normal
QRS complex is normal
Conduction is normal
Sinus Tachycardia
Rhythm is regular
Causes of sinus tachycardia may include exercise, anxiety, fever,
drugs, anemia, heart failure, hypovolemia and shock. Sinus
tachycardia is often asymptomatic. Management however is
directed at the treatment of the primary cause. Carotid sinus
pressure (carotid massage) or a beta blocker may be used to
reduce heart rate.
, Sinus bradycardia is a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute
and originates from the sinus node (as the term "sinus" refers to
sinoatrial node). It has the following characteristics
Rate is less than 60 beats per minute
P Waves precede each QRS complex
PR interval is normal
QRS complex is normal
Conduction is normal
Sinus Bradycardia
Rhythm is regular
Causes may include drugs, vagal stimulation, hypoendocrine
states, hypothermia, or sinus node involvement in MI. This
arrhythmia may be normal in athletes as they have quality stroke
volume. It is often asymptomatic but manifestations may include:
syncope, fatigue, dizziness. Management includes treating the
underlying cause and administering anticholinergic drugs like
atropine sulfate as prescribed.
Premature Atrial Contraction are ectopic beats that originates
from the atria and they are not rhythms. Cells in the heart starts
to fire or go off before the normal heartbeat is supposed to
occur. These are called heart palpitations and has the following
characteristics:
Premature and abnormal-looking P waves that differ in
configuration from normal P waves
QRS complex after P waves except in very early or blocked PACs
Premature Atrial Contraction
P waves often buried in the preceding T wave or identified in the
preceding T wave.
Causes includes coronary or valvular heart diseases, atrial
ischemia, coronary artery atherosclerosis, heart failure, COPD,
electrolyte imbalance and hypoxia. Usually there is no treatment
needed but may include procainamide and quinidine
administration (antidysrhythmic drugs) and carotid sinus
massage.
Atrial flutter is an abnormal rhythm that occurs in the atria of the
heart. Atrial flutter has an atrial rhythm that is regular but has an
atrial rate of 250 to 400 beats/minute. It has sawtooth
appearance. QRS complexes are uniform in shape but often
irregular in rate.
Normal atrial rhythm
Abnormal atrial rate: 250 to 400 beats/minute
Sawtooth P wave configuration
QRS complexes uniform in shape but irregular in rate
Atrial Flutter
Causes includes heart failure, tricuspid valve or mitral valve
diseases, pulmonary embolism, cor pulmonale, inferior wall MI,
carditis and digoxin toxicity.
Management if the patient is unstable with ventricular rate of
greater than 150 bpm, prepare for immediate cardioversion. If
patient is stable, drug therapy may include calcium channel
blocker, beta-adrenergic blockers, or antiarhythmics.
Anticoagulation may be necessary as there would be pooling of
blood in the atria.
Relias Assessments Assistance Material
DYSRHYTHMIAS
Save
Students also studied
Flashcard sets Study guides
Relias Dysrhythmia Basic A Basic Dysrhythmia-Relias Perfussion kahoot
55 terms Teacher 29 terms 30 terms
charless_fink Preview mbidlen32 Preview ryleighturner22
One of the most useful and commonly used diagnostic tools is
electrocardiography (EKG) which measures the heart's electrical
activity as waveforms. An EKG uses electrodes attached to the
skin to detect electric current moving through the heart. These
signals are transmitted to produce a record of cardiac activity.
EKG interpretation
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia are disturbances in the normal
cardiac rhythm of the heart which occurs as a result of alterations
within the conduction of electrical impulses. These impulses
stimulate and coordinate atrial and ventricular myocardial
contractions that provide cardiac output.
Sinus tachycardia is a heart rate greater than 100 beats per
minute that originated from the sinus node.
Rate: 100 to 180 beats per minute
P Waves precede each QRS complex
PR interval is normal
QRS complex is normal
Conduction is normal
Sinus Tachycardia
Rhythm is regular
Causes of sinus tachycardia may include exercise, anxiety, fever,
drugs, anemia, heart failure, hypovolemia and shock. Sinus
tachycardia is often asymptomatic. Management however is
directed at the treatment of the primary cause. Carotid sinus
pressure (carotid massage) or a beta blocker may be used to
reduce heart rate.
, Sinus bradycardia is a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute
and originates from the sinus node (as the term "sinus" refers to
sinoatrial node). It has the following characteristics
Rate is less than 60 beats per minute
P Waves precede each QRS complex
PR interval is normal
QRS complex is normal
Conduction is normal
Sinus Bradycardia
Rhythm is regular
Causes may include drugs, vagal stimulation, hypoendocrine
states, hypothermia, or sinus node involvement in MI. This
arrhythmia may be normal in athletes as they have quality stroke
volume. It is often asymptomatic but manifestations may include:
syncope, fatigue, dizziness. Management includes treating the
underlying cause and administering anticholinergic drugs like
atropine sulfate as prescribed.
Premature Atrial Contraction are ectopic beats that originates
from the atria and they are not rhythms. Cells in the heart starts
to fire or go off before the normal heartbeat is supposed to
occur. These are called heart palpitations and has the following
characteristics:
Premature and abnormal-looking P waves that differ in
configuration from normal P waves
QRS complex after P waves except in very early or blocked PACs
Premature Atrial Contraction
P waves often buried in the preceding T wave or identified in the
preceding T wave.
Causes includes coronary or valvular heart diseases, atrial
ischemia, coronary artery atherosclerosis, heart failure, COPD,
electrolyte imbalance and hypoxia. Usually there is no treatment
needed but may include procainamide and quinidine
administration (antidysrhythmic drugs) and carotid sinus
massage.
Atrial flutter is an abnormal rhythm that occurs in the atria of the
heart. Atrial flutter has an atrial rhythm that is regular but has an
atrial rate of 250 to 400 beats/minute. It has sawtooth
appearance. QRS complexes are uniform in shape but often
irregular in rate.
Normal atrial rhythm
Abnormal atrial rate: 250 to 400 beats/minute
Sawtooth P wave configuration
QRS complexes uniform in shape but irregular in rate
Atrial Flutter
Causes includes heart failure, tricuspid valve or mitral valve
diseases, pulmonary embolism, cor pulmonale, inferior wall MI,
carditis and digoxin toxicity.
Management if the patient is unstable with ventricular rate of
greater than 150 bpm, prepare for immediate cardioversion. If
patient is stable, drug therapy may include calcium channel
blocker, beta-adrenergic blockers, or antiarhythmics.
Anticoagulation may be necessary as there would be pooling of
blood in the atria.
