NR 509 Final
Save
Know that in a 47-year-old psychologic
man ED is usually ___________
rather than testosterone
early morning erection is preserved.
Erectile dysfunction may
it may also reflect decreased testosterone, decreased
be from psychogenic
blood flow in the hypogastric arterial system,
causes, especially if
impaired neural innervation, and diabetes
When performing a breast may be fixed to skin or underlying tissues (may cause
exam, know what dimpling of skin or retraction when arms are lifted
abnormal masses should over head or hands are pressed against hips)
do when the arm
Fibroadenoma and cysts very mobile/mobile
mobility
Know that a high BSE
proportion of breast
masses are noted during
________
Breast stage 1 preadolescent- elevation of nipple only
breast bud stage- elevation of breast and nipple as a
Breast stage 2
small mound; enlargement of areolar diameter
further enlargement of elevation of breast and areola,
breast stage 3
with no separation of their contours
projection of areola and nipple to form a secondary
breast stage 4
mound above the level of breast
, mature stage- projection of nipple only; areola has
receded to general contour of the breast (although in
breast stage 5
some individuals the areola continues to form a
secondary mound)
Know where pain is epigastric, may radiation straight to the back of other
located with pancreatitis: areas of the abdomen; 20% with severe sequelae of
acute organ failure
Know where pain is epigastric, radiating to back
located with pancreatitis:
chronic
Transmitted through fecal-oral route. Fecal shedding
Know how hepatitis A is followed by poor handwashing contaminates water
transmitted and foods leading to infection of household and
sexual contacts
the urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
increases in intra-abdominal pressure raise the
bladder pressure to levels that exceed urethral
Stress incontinence
resistance. Causes include childbirth and surgery,
postmenopausal atrophy of the mucosa, and urethral
infection. May follow prostate surgery in men.
detrusor contractions are stronger than normal and
overcome the normal urethral resistance. The bladder
is typically small. Mechanisms: Decreased cortical
inhibition of detrusor contractions from stroke, brain
urge incontinence tumor, dementia, and lesions of the spinal cord above
sacral level. Also hyperexcitability of sensory
pathways ie: bladder infections, tumors, and fecal
impaction. Deconditioning of voiding reflexes ie:
frequent voluntary voiding at low bladder volumes.
, detrusor contractions are insufficient to overcome
urethral resistance, causing urinary retention. The
bladder is typically flaccid and large, even after an
effort to void. Mechanisms: obstruction of the bladder
overflow incontinence
outlet ie: BPH or tumor. Weakness of the detrusor
muscle associated with peripheral nerve disease at
S2-4 level. Impaired bladder sensation that interrupts
the reflex arc ie: diabetic neuropathy.
the patient is functionally able to reach the toilet in
time because of impaired health or environmental
conditions. Mechanism: problems in mobility resulting
functional incontinence from weakness, arthritis, poor vision, or other
conditions. Also environmental factors such as an
unfamiliar setting, distant bathroom facilities, bed rails,
or physical restraints.
drugs may contribute to any type of incontinence
Incontinence secondary
listed. Ex: sedatives, tranquilizers, anticholinergics,
to medications
sympathetic blockers, and potent diuretics
· Strep throat àstreptococcal pharyngitis, bacterial
infection that may cause a sore, scratchy throat
· Common childhood infection has a classic
presentation of erythema of the posterior pharynx
Know where lymph nodes
and palatal petechiae
should be with strep
· Enlarged swollen cervical lymph nodes -> superficial
cervical lymph nodes
Superficial cervical -> superficial to the
sternocleidomastoid
tdap, flu, Pneumococcal, meningococcal, Hepatitis B,
What vaccines are safe
rho gam
during pregnancy
*NOT MMR, polio, or varicella
Save
Know that in a 47-year-old psychologic
man ED is usually ___________
rather than testosterone
early morning erection is preserved.
Erectile dysfunction may
it may also reflect decreased testosterone, decreased
be from psychogenic
blood flow in the hypogastric arterial system,
causes, especially if
impaired neural innervation, and diabetes
When performing a breast may be fixed to skin or underlying tissues (may cause
exam, know what dimpling of skin or retraction when arms are lifted
abnormal masses should over head or hands are pressed against hips)
do when the arm
Fibroadenoma and cysts very mobile/mobile
mobility
Know that a high BSE
proportion of breast
masses are noted during
________
Breast stage 1 preadolescent- elevation of nipple only
breast bud stage- elevation of breast and nipple as a
Breast stage 2
small mound; enlargement of areolar diameter
further enlargement of elevation of breast and areola,
breast stage 3
with no separation of their contours
projection of areola and nipple to form a secondary
breast stage 4
mound above the level of breast
, mature stage- projection of nipple only; areola has
receded to general contour of the breast (although in
breast stage 5
some individuals the areola continues to form a
secondary mound)
Know where pain is epigastric, may radiation straight to the back of other
located with pancreatitis: areas of the abdomen; 20% with severe sequelae of
acute organ failure
Know where pain is epigastric, radiating to back
located with pancreatitis:
chronic
Transmitted through fecal-oral route. Fecal shedding
Know how hepatitis A is followed by poor handwashing contaminates water
transmitted and foods leading to infection of household and
sexual contacts
the urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
increases in intra-abdominal pressure raise the
bladder pressure to levels that exceed urethral
Stress incontinence
resistance. Causes include childbirth and surgery,
postmenopausal atrophy of the mucosa, and urethral
infection. May follow prostate surgery in men.
detrusor contractions are stronger than normal and
overcome the normal urethral resistance. The bladder
is typically small. Mechanisms: Decreased cortical
inhibition of detrusor contractions from stroke, brain
urge incontinence tumor, dementia, and lesions of the spinal cord above
sacral level. Also hyperexcitability of sensory
pathways ie: bladder infections, tumors, and fecal
impaction. Deconditioning of voiding reflexes ie:
frequent voluntary voiding at low bladder volumes.
, detrusor contractions are insufficient to overcome
urethral resistance, causing urinary retention. The
bladder is typically flaccid and large, even after an
effort to void. Mechanisms: obstruction of the bladder
overflow incontinence
outlet ie: BPH or tumor. Weakness of the detrusor
muscle associated with peripheral nerve disease at
S2-4 level. Impaired bladder sensation that interrupts
the reflex arc ie: diabetic neuropathy.
the patient is functionally able to reach the toilet in
time because of impaired health or environmental
conditions. Mechanism: problems in mobility resulting
functional incontinence from weakness, arthritis, poor vision, or other
conditions. Also environmental factors such as an
unfamiliar setting, distant bathroom facilities, bed rails,
or physical restraints.
drugs may contribute to any type of incontinence
Incontinence secondary
listed. Ex: sedatives, tranquilizers, anticholinergics,
to medications
sympathetic blockers, and potent diuretics
· Strep throat àstreptococcal pharyngitis, bacterial
infection that may cause a sore, scratchy throat
· Common childhood infection has a classic
presentation of erythema of the posterior pharynx
Know where lymph nodes
and palatal petechiae
should be with strep
· Enlarged swollen cervical lymph nodes -> superficial
cervical lymph nodes
Superficial cervical -> superficial to the
sternocleidomastoid
tdap, flu, Pneumococcal, meningococcal, Hepatitis B,
What vaccines are safe
rho gam
during pregnancy
*NOT MMR, polio, or varicella
