Science Medicine Neurology
NR509 Week 6
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brain, brainstem, and nerves
-divided into two structural systems:
The nervous system contains:
• CNS
• PNS
Central nervous system
CNS -structure: brain and spinal cord
-function: integrative and control centers
Peripheral nervous system
-Structure: cranial nerves and spinal nerves
PNS
-function: communication lines between the CNS & rest of the
body
-conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS
Sensory (afferent) division
-somatic & visceral sensory nerve fibers
-conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles & glands)
Motor (efferent) division
-motor nerve fibers
mobilizes body systems during activity
Sympathetic division
-fight or flight
-conserves energy
Parasympathetic division
-promotes "housekeeping" functions during rest
-conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth
Autonomic nervous system
muscles, and glands
(ANS)
-visceral motor (involuntary)
-somatic motor (voluntary)
Somatic nervous system
-conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
, acute onset headaches
difficulty swallowing
Which symptom warrants a hand tremors
focused neurological exam?: frequently dropping objects
acute onset headaches
fatigue Rationale: Acute onset headaches, difficulty swallowing, hand
difficulty swallowing tremors, and frequently dropping objects are common
fever for 48 hours neurological symptoms that would prompt a focused
hand tremors neurological exam. Fever alone is not an indication for a
frequently dropping objects neurological exam; however, fever in the presence of a stiff neck
indigestion and headache could indicate meningitis. Indigestion and fatigue
are unrelated symptoms that would not require a neurological
exam.
generating and sending electrochemical signals throughout the
body
nervous system is responsible -enable the body to detect and respond to stimuli from the
for: outside world
-Nerve signals control most bodily functions
• sensation, movement, and metabolic and digestive processes
headache
dizziness or vertigo
weakness
Common Neurological
numbness or altered sensation
Symptoms
fainting and syncope
seizures
tremors or involuntary movement
Headaches, common client complaint, req careful examination to
rule out secondary, life-threatening causes such as meningitis,
subarachnoid hemorrhage, or a lesion
Neurological Assessment: -misdiagnosis of a secondary headache can result in permanent
Warning Signs neurologic deficits and death
-mnemonic SNOOP is a helpful red flag detection tool for
identifying high-risk features in secondary headaches
• presence 1+ red flags warrants immediate intervention
, Systemic Symptoms & Secondary risk factors
-fever, weight loss, fatigue
-HIV, cancer, immune suppression
-infection, inflammation, metastic cancer, carcinomatous
meningitis
Neurologic symptoms/signs
-altered consciousness & local deficits
-encephalitis, mass lesion, stroke
Onset
-thunderclap & abrupt
-subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intraparenchymal
SSSNOOPPP mnemonic
hemorrhage (IPH), reversible cerebral vasoconstriction
syndrome (RCVS)
Order
-signs & symptoms that are new after the age of 50
-temporal arteritis
Positional, Prior headache, & Papilledema
-from upright to lying, changing neck position
-diff. in quality & progressive worsening
-papilledema: visual obscurations
-intracranial hypotension, dysautonomia, cervicogenic headache,
intracranial hypertension, posterior fossa pathology
-Pain is throbbing
-May have an aura with temporary vision changes or numbness,
speech problems, or muscle weakness
Migraine Headache -Described as moderate to severe and unilateral
-Generally lasts 4 to 72 hours
-More common in women; onset typically at puberty and most
prevalent between ages 35 to 45
-Pain is generally orbital, supraorbital, and/or temporal
-Attacks may occur with tearing, eyelid edema, nasal congestion,
or rhinorrhea
Cluster Headache -Described as excruciating and unilateral
-Attacks can occur multiple times a day and occur for days or
months before remission
Most common in men between ages 20 and 50
-Sensation of a tight band or pressure around the head
-Onset is gradual
-Described as mild to moderate bilateral pain
Tension Headache
-Typically lasts for a few hours
-May begin in teenage years and are most common between
ages 35 to 40
NR509 Week 6
Save
Students also studied
Flashcard sets Study guides
NR509 Final Exam NR509 Final Exam INBDE final exam
100 terms 88 terms 61 terms
Preview brit_oldland Preview Preview
brain, brainstem, and nerves
-divided into two structural systems:
The nervous system contains:
• CNS
• PNS
Central nervous system
CNS -structure: brain and spinal cord
-function: integrative and control centers
Peripheral nervous system
-Structure: cranial nerves and spinal nerves
PNS
-function: communication lines between the CNS & rest of the
body
-conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS
Sensory (afferent) division
-somatic & visceral sensory nerve fibers
-conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles & glands)
Motor (efferent) division
-motor nerve fibers
mobilizes body systems during activity
Sympathetic division
-fight or flight
-conserves energy
Parasympathetic division
-promotes "housekeeping" functions during rest
-conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth
Autonomic nervous system
muscles, and glands
(ANS)
-visceral motor (involuntary)
-somatic motor (voluntary)
Somatic nervous system
-conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
, acute onset headaches
difficulty swallowing
Which symptom warrants a hand tremors
focused neurological exam?: frequently dropping objects
acute onset headaches
fatigue Rationale: Acute onset headaches, difficulty swallowing, hand
difficulty swallowing tremors, and frequently dropping objects are common
fever for 48 hours neurological symptoms that would prompt a focused
hand tremors neurological exam. Fever alone is not an indication for a
frequently dropping objects neurological exam; however, fever in the presence of a stiff neck
indigestion and headache could indicate meningitis. Indigestion and fatigue
are unrelated symptoms that would not require a neurological
exam.
generating and sending electrochemical signals throughout the
body
nervous system is responsible -enable the body to detect and respond to stimuli from the
for: outside world
-Nerve signals control most bodily functions
• sensation, movement, and metabolic and digestive processes
headache
dizziness or vertigo
weakness
Common Neurological
numbness or altered sensation
Symptoms
fainting and syncope
seizures
tremors or involuntary movement
Headaches, common client complaint, req careful examination to
rule out secondary, life-threatening causes such as meningitis,
subarachnoid hemorrhage, or a lesion
Neurological Assessment: -misdiagnosis of a secondary headache can result in permanent
Warning Signs neurologic deficits and death
-mnemonic SNOOP is a helpful red flag detection tool for
identifying high-risk features in secondary headaches
• presence 1+ red flags warrants immediate intervention
, Systemic Symptoms & Secondary risk factors
-fever, weight loss, fatigue
-HIV, cancer, immune suppression
-infection, inflammation, metastic cancer, carcinomatous
meningitis
Neurologic symptoms/signs
-altered consciousness & local deficits
-encephalitis, mass lesion, stroke
Onset
-thunderclap & abrupt
-subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intraparenchymal
SSSNOOPPP mnemonic
hemorrhage (IPH), reversible cerebral vasoconstriction
syndrome (RCVS)
Order
-signs & symptoms that are new after the age of 50
-temporal arteritis
Positional, Prior headache, & Papilledema
-from upright to lying, changing neck position
-diff. in quality & progressive worsening
-papilledema: visual obscurations
-intracranial hypotension, dysautonomia, cervicogenic headache,
intracranial hypertension, posterior fossa pathology
-Pain is throbbing
-May have an aura with temporary vision changes or numbness,
speech problems, or muscle weakness
Migraine Headache -Described as moderate to severe and unilateral
-Generally lasts 4 to 72 hours
-More common in women; onset typically at puberty and most
prevalent between ages 35 to 45
-Pain is generally orbital, supraorbital, and/or temporal
-Attacks may occur with tearing, eyelid edema, nasal congestion,
or rhinorrhea
Cluster Headache -Described as excruciating and unilateral
-Attacks can occur multiple times a day and occur for days or
months before remission
Most common in men between ages 20 and 50
-Sensation of a tight band or pressure around the head
-Onset is gradual
-Described as mild to moderate bilateral pain
Tension Headache
-Typically lasts for a few hours
-May begin in teenage years and are most common between
ages 35 to 40
