WKU Nursing Med Surg Exam -1 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

WKU Nursing Med Surg Exam #1 |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS |\ |\




What are substances that release hydrogen ions, when dissolved
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in water or body fluids, increasing the amount of free hydrogen
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ions in that solution? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Acid
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How is the strength of an acid measured? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔By how easily it releases a hydrogen ion in solution
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What binds free hydrogen ions in solution and lowers the amount
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of free hydrogen ions in solution? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Base
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What react either as an acid or as a base and are critical in
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keeping body fluid pH at normal levels? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Buffers


What is the most common base in the human body? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔Bicarbonate |\




What is the most common acid in the human body? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔Carbonic acid |\ |\




In heath the body keeps these substances at a constant ratio of
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what? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1 molecule of carbonic acid to 20
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free bicarbonate ions
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,Hydrogen ion levels and carbon dioxide levels are ______ related?
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- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Directly
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What happens to pH when excess carbon dioxide is produced,
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causing an increase in hydrogen ions? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔pH decreases |\




What organ of the body controls bicarbonate levels? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔The kidneys |\ |\




What organ of the body controls CO2 levels? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔The lungs |\ |\




pH is the result of...? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔How well the
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kidneys are functioning to retain or eliminate bicarbonate divided
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by how well the lungs are functioning to eliminate carbon dioxide
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What forms lactic acid? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔incomplete
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breakdown of glucose, which occurs whenever cells metabolize
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under anaerobic conditions
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When do anaerobic conditions occur? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔With hypoxia, sepsis, and shock
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What is the main buffer in the extracellular fluid? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔Bicarbonate |\

,What is the first line of defense against changes in free hydrogen
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ion levels? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Buffers
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What is the most common type of buffer? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Protein buffers |\




What are the extracellular protein buffers? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Albumin and globulins |\ |\




What is a major intracellular protein buffer? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Hemoglobin
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What is the second line of defense against changes in pH? -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The respiratory system |\ |\ |\ |\




What does breathing do? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Rids the body
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of any CO2
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Respiratory regulation of Acid-Base balance is under the control
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of what? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Central nervous system
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What is hyperventilation? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Increase in
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rate and depth of breathing
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What is hypoventilation? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Decrease in
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rate and depth of breathing
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, What happens with hyperventilation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔CO2 is exhaled from the lungs and the CO2 level in the ECF
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decreases. When the arterial CO2 level returns back down to
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normal, the rate and depth of breathing returns to levels that are
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normal
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What happens with hypoventilation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Less CO2 is lost through lungs, and more CO2 is retained in
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arterial blood |\




The respiratory system's response in Acid-Base balance is...? -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Rapid |\ |\




What is the third line of defense against wide changes in body
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fluid pH? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The kidneys
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The kidneys response in Acid-Base balance is...? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔Slow |\




What is the first kidney pH control action? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Kidney movement of bicarbonate |\ |\ |\




What is the normal pH range? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔7.35-7.45
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What are the two most common chemical buffers? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔Bicarbonate (ICF) |\ |\ |\