Meaning and Definitions of Values
Value can be defined as a, “Concept of the desirable, an internalised criterion or
standard of evaluation a person possesses. Such concepts and standards are
relatively few and determine or guide an individual’s evaluations of the many objects
encountered in the daily life.”
According to Milton Rockeach, “Values are global beliefs that guide actions and
judgements across a variety of situations.”
Characteristics of Values
Values generally contain a tinge of principles of morality which direct an individual
about what is right, good and desirable. Characteristics of values are given as follows:
a) Values provide standards of proficiency and integrity.
b) Values are fewer in number than attitudes.
c) Values are most central to the core of a person.
d) Values usually go beyond the specific objects, situations, or persons.
e) Values are relatively permanent and resistant to change.
f) When values are ranked in terms of their importance, it results into the value
system of that person.
g) The value system of an individual provides a hierarchical framework which
indicates the relative importance we assign o different values such as freedom, self
respect, honesty, self respect and so on.
Importance of Values:
Importance of values can be understood from the following points:
, a) Values provide the basic framework for understanding attitudes and motivation
of an individual.
b) Value system of an individual influences the perception about whatever is
happening around in the environment.
c) Values symbolize the explanation of right and wrong.
d) Value system influences an individual’s decision making and choice of solution
to various problems.
e) Values also play social function in an organisation. Those values which are
derived from common experiences help in uniting the societies and groups together.
f) Values influence behaviour of an individual and therefore provide the criteria
for evaluating the behaviour of others.
g) In order to meet the challenge of reconstructing the established work values all
over the world, understanding the values becomes necessary for every manager in
the organisation.
Types of Values
1 . Milton Rokeach Classification
Milton Rokeach conducted a survey which is popularly known as Rokeach value
survey (RVS) to classify the values. RVS is comprised of two types of value sets, each
containing 18 individual value items. One set is called Terminal values and another is
called Instrumental Values.
a) Terminal Values: Terminal values represent the desirable outcomes. These
represent the ultimate goals that a person would strive to achieve in his lifetime. The
examples of terminal values are:
Comfortable life
Sense of accomplishment (lasting contribution) Family security (caring the loved
ones)
Value can be defined as a, “Concept of the desirable, an internalised criterion or
standard of evaluation a person possesses. Such concepts and standards are
relatively few and determine or guide an individual’s evaluations of the many objects
encountered in the daily life.”
According to Milton Rockeach, “Values are global beliefs that guide actions and
judgements across a variety of situations.”
Characteristics of Values
Values generally contain a tinge of principles of morality which direct an individual
about what is right, good and desirable. Characteristics of values are given as follows:
a) Values provide standards of proficiency and integrity.
b) Values are fewer in number than attitudes.
c) Values are most central to the core of a person.
d) Values usually go beyond the specific objects, situations, or persons.
e) Values are relatively permanent and resistant to change.
f) When values are ranked in terms of their importance, it results into the value
system of that person.
g) The value system of an individual provides a hierarchical framework which
indicates the relative importance we assign o different values such as freedom, self
respect, honesty, self respect and so on.
Importance of Values:
Importance of values can be understood from the following points:
, a) Values provide the basic framework for understanding attitudes and motivation
of an individual.
b) Value system of an individual influences the perception about whatever is
happening around in the environment.
c) Values symbolize the explanation of right and wrong.
d) Value system influences an individual’s decision making and choice of solution
to various problems.
e) Values also play social function in an organisation. Those values which are
derived from common experiences help in uniting the societies and groups together.
f) Values influence behaviour of an individual and therefore provide the criteria
for evaluating the behaviour of others.
g) In order to meet the challenge of reconstructing the established work values all
over the world, understanding the values becomes necessary for every manager in
the organisation.
Types of Values
1 . Milton Rokeach Classification
Milton Rokeach conducted a survey which is popularly known as Rokeach value
survey (RVS) to classify the values. RVS is comprised of two types of value sets, each
containing 18 individual value items. One set is called Terminal values and another is
called Instrumental Values.
a) Terminal Values: Terminal values represent the desirable outcomes. These
represent the ultimate goals that a person would strive to achieve in his lifetime. The
examples of terminal values are:
Comfortable life
Sense of accomplishment (lasting contribution) Family security (caring the loved
ones)
