Microbiology BIOS 242 Exam 2 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
How Antimicrobial Agents Work and Cellular targets of physical and chemical agents: -
CORRECT ANSWER - CCCP(acronym)
The cell wall
The cell or cytoplasmic membrane
Cellular synthetic processes (DNA, RNA)
Proteins
Temperature ranges of moist heat - CORRECT ANSWER - Temperature ranges from
60°C to 135°C
Temperature ranges of dry heat - CORRECT ANSWER - Temperature ranges from 160°C
to several thousand degrees Celsius
Heat as an Agent of Microbial Control - CORRECT ANSWER - moist heat and dry heat
High-level Germicides: - CORRECT ANSWER - High-level Germicides: Kill endospores
- sterilant
Intermediate-level Germicides: - CORRECT ANSWER - Intermediate-level Germicides:
Kill fungal spores, resistant pathogens and viruses
Low-level germicides - CORRECT ANSWER - Low-level germicides Eliminate
vegetative bacteria, fungal cells and some viruses
germicides - CORRECT ANSWER - Agents that destroy pathogenic organisms
,Germicidal groups - CORRECT ANSWER - Acronym: Dog Ha Ha
Halogens (Fluorine, bromine, chlorine, iodine)
heavy metals (toxic in small amounts - silver or mercury)
Alcohols (ethyl and isopropyl alcohol; 60-90%)
phenolic compounds
Oxidizers (H2O2)
Aldehydes (Glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde)
Detergents (Polar molecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions)
Gases (ethylene oxide)
Constitutive enzymes: - CORRECT ANSWER - Constitutive enzymes:
Always present in relatively constant amounts, regardless of the cellular environment
Regulated enzymes: - CORRECT ANSWER - Regulated enzymes:
Production is turned on (induced) or turned off (repressed) in response to changes in
concentration of substrate
Exoenzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - transported extracellularly, where they break down
large food molecules or harmful chemicals
Endoenzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - retained intracellularly and function there
Most enzymes are endoenzymes
Stages in the Normal Growth Curve - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. lag phase
2. exponential growth phase
3. stationary phase
, 4. death phase
lag phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Flat period on the graph when the population appears
not to be growing
Newly inoculated cells require a period of adjustment, enlargement, and synthesis
Cells are not yet multiplying at their maximum rate
Population of cells is so sparse that the sampling misses them
exponential growth phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Period during which the growth curve
increases geometrically
Phase will continue as long as cells have adequate nutrients and the environment is favorable
Stationary growth phase: - CORRECT ANSWER - Population enters survival mode
Cells stop growing or grow slowly
Death phase: - CORRECT ANSWER - Limiting factors intensify and cells begin to die at
an exponential rate
Curve dips downward
Aerobe (aerobic organism) - CORRECT ANSWER - Those that use oxygen and can
detoxify it. Can use gaseous oxygen in its metabolism. Possesses the enzymes needed to process
toxic oxygen products.
Aerobe (aerobic organism) - CORRECT ANSWER - can use gaseous oxygen in its
metabolism and possesses the enzymes needed to process toxic oxygen products
Obligate aerobe - CORRECT ANSWER - an organism that cannot grow without oxygen
Facultative anaerobe - CORRECT ANSWER - organism that can survive with or without
oxygen
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
How Antimicrobial Agents Work and Cellular targets of physical and chemical agents: -
CORRECT ANSWER - CCCP(acronym)
The cell wall
The cell or cytoplasmic membrane
Cellular synthetic processes (DNA, RNA)
Proteins
Temperature ranges of moist heat - CORRECT ANSWER - Temperature ranges from
60°C to 135°C
Temperature ranges of dry heat - CORRECT ANSWER - Temperature ranges from 160°C
to several thousand degrees Celsius
Heat as an Agent of Microbial Control - CORRECT ANSWER - moist heat and dry heat
High-level Germicides: - CORRECT ANSWER - High-level Germicides: Kill endospores
- sterilant
Intermediate-level Germicides: - CORRECT ANSWER - Intermediate-level Germicides:
Kill fungal spores, resistant pathogens and viruses
Low-level germicides - CORRECT ANSWER - Low-level germicides Eliminate
vegetative bacteria, fungal cells and some viruses
germicides - CORRECT ANSWER - Agents that destroy pathogenic organisms
,Germicidal groups - CORRECT ANSWER - Acronym: Dog Ha Ha
Halogens (Fluorine, bromine, chlorine, iodine)
heavy metals (toxic in small amounts - silver or mercury)
Alcohols (ethyl and isopropyl alcohol; 60-90%)
phenolic compounds
Oxidizers (H2O2)
Aldehydes (Glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde)
Detergents (Polar molecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions)
Gases (ethylene oxide)
Constitutive enzymes: - CORRECT ANSWER - Constitutive enzymes:
Always present in relatively constant amounts, regardless of the cellular environment
Regulated enzymes: - CORRECT ANSWER - Regulated enzymes:
Production is turned on (induced) or turned off (repressed) in response to changes in
concentration of substrate
Exoenzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - transported extracellularly, where they break down
large food molecules or harmful chemicals
Endoenzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - retained intracellularly and function there
Most enzymes are endoenzymes
Stages in the Normal Growth Curve - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. lag phase
2. exponential growth phase
3. stationary phase
, 4. death phase
lag phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Flat period on the graph when the population appears
not to be growing
Newly inoculated cells require a period of adjustment, enlargement, and synthesis
Cells are not yet multiplying at their maximum rate
Population of cells is so sparse that the sampling misses them
exponential growth phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Period during which the growth curve
increases geometrically
Phase will continue as long as cells have adequate nutrients and the environment is favorable
Stationary growth phase: - CORRECT ANSWER - Population enters survival mode
Cells stop growing or grow slowly
Death phase: - CORRECT ANSWER - Limiting factors intensify and cells begin to die at
an exponential rate
Curve dips downward
Aerobe (aerobic organism) - CORRECT ANSWER - Those that use oxygen and can
detoxify it. Can use gaseous oxygen in its metabolism. Possesses the enzymes needed to process
toxic oxygen products.
Aerobe (aerobic organism) - CORRECT ANSWER - can use gaseous oxygen in its
metabolism and possesses the enzymes needed to process toxic oxygen products
Obligate aerobe - CORRECT ANSWER - an organism that cannot grow without oxygen
Facultative anaerobe - CORRECT ANSWER - organism that can survive with or without
oxygen
