7/17/25, 8:21
AM
UNCG BIO 277 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
Terms in this set (22)
Covalent Bond Atoms share
electrons
(Strongest) Ex:
carbon atoms
in glucose, O2
Ionic Bonds Ions are charged atoms
that have lost or gained an
electron Ex: Na+ has lost 1
& Cl- has gained 1; NaCl
Hydrogen Bond A weak attraction b/w a
hydrogen atom & nearby
O,N, or F atom Ex: water
molecules
Weak, non-specific interaction b/w
Van der Waals nucleus of 1 atom & electrons of
forces another (allows molecules to pack
1/
6
, 7/17/25, 8:21
AM
closely together
Ex: Phospholipids (electrons repel each
other if it get too close
monosaccharid
es (simple
sugars) ex:
glucose
Carbohydrates Stores chemical
energy in covalent
bonds
Disaccharides Ex:
sucrose
Polysaccharides Ex:
starch & glycogen
polymers of glucose
for storage
non polar or hydrophobic- not soluble in
water b/c no charge
Triglycerides- glycerol + 3 fatty
Lipids (fat) acids (long chain of carbon & H
molecules Steroids- Ex:
estrogen, testosterone
Cholesterol: important in membranes,
precursor to steroids
Phospholipids: in bilayer;
2/
6
AM
UNCG BIO 277 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
Terms in this set (22)
Covalent Bond Atoms share
electrons
(Strongest) Ex:
carbon atoms
in glucose, O2
Ionic Bonds Ions are charged atoms
that have lost or gained an
electron Ex: Na+ has lost 1
& Cl- has gained 1; NaCl
Hydrogen Bond A weak attraction b/w a
hydrogen atom & nearby
O,N, or F atom Ex: water
molecules
Weak, non-specific interaction b/w
Van der Waals nucleus of 1 atom & electrons of
forces another (allows molecules to pack
1/
6
, 7/17/25, 8:21
AM
closely together
Ex: Phospholipids (electrons repel each
other if it get too close
monosaccharid
es (simple
sugars) ex:
glucose
Carbohydrates Stores chemical
energy in covalent
bonds
Disaccharides Ex:
sucrose
Polysaccharides Ex:
starch & glycogen
polymers of glucose
for storage
non polar or hydrophobic- not soluble in
water b/c no charge
Triglycerides- glycerol + 3 fatty
Lipids (fat) acids (long chain of carbon & H
molecules Steroids- Ex:
estrogen, testosterone
Cholesterol: important in membranes,
precursor to steroids
Phospholipids: in bilayer;
2/
6
