7/17/25, 8:42
AM
NTR:213 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED GRADED A++ 2025/2026
Terms in this set (151)
- Vitamins are essential nutrients
(tasteless, organic
compounds needed in small
What are vitamins amounts) (a deficiency will
cause physiological
symtoms)
(consuming too much of some vitamins will
cause adverse effects)
2 types of vitamins fat soluable (a,d) and water soluable (b,c)
- needed in small amounts
- need fat to be absorbed
- packed in micelles and chylomicrons in lymph
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,7/17/25, 8:42
AM
fat soluable - can be toxic in high doses
- from fortified milk and oils
- needed in small amounts
- absorbed by water in upper small intestine
- enter blood stream directly
water soluable
- not stored in body - access is peed out
- low risk of toxicity
- from whole fruits , fortified grain, some animal
sources
Some vitamins function - counteract oxidation by neutralizing
as :Antioxidants substances called free radicals
Free radicals unstable oxygen containing molecules
that can damage the cells of the body
and possibly contribute to increased
risk of chronic diseases
Vitamins can be - store in airtight containers
destroyed by air,
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,7/17/25, 8:42
AM
water, heat - store produce in cooler temps like fridge
- very rare
Vitamin toxicity
- can result when individuals consume megadose
levels of vitamin supplements
- from your diet
How should you get - supps may benefit people who cannot
your vitamins meet needs through diet like pregnant
women
- process of adding vitamins into a food that
would not typically have them
Fortified food
- grains - folic acid
- OJ - vit D
- Eggs - Omg 3
- found in liver, eggs, fortfied milk and cheese
- plant carotenoids (like beta-carotene
Vitamin A (retinol) (give pigments to carrots) )converted to
vit a in body
- essential for healthy eyes/skin
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, 7/17/25, 8:42
AM
- can accumulate to toxic levels
- carotenoids are non toxic - may tint skin
too much vitamin A
TOO Little vit A
- could cause blindness in children
- (Alpha-tocopherol is most active form in body)
Vitamin E - powerful antioxidant
(protects cell membranes and prevents
oxidation of LDL cholesterol)
Vitamin K - Essential for blood clotting (coagulation)
Menaquinone
- made by intestinal bacteria
Phylloquinone
2 forms of vit K
- found in food - primarily green plants
- people taking anticoagulant meds need to take
Vit K intake consistent
4/33
AM
NTR:213 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED GRADED A++ 2025/2026
Terms in this set (151)
- Vitamins are essential nutrients
(tasteless, organic
compounds needed in small
What are vitamins amounts) (a deficiency will
cause physiological
symtoms)
(consuming too much of some vitamins will
cause adverse effects)
2 types of vitamins fat soluable (a,d) and water soluable (b,c)
- needed in small amounts
- need fat to be absorbed
- packed in micelles and chylomicrons in lymph
1/33
,7/17/25, 8:42
AM
fat soluable - can be toxic in high doses
- from fortified milk and oils
- needed in small amounts
- absorbed by water in upper small intestine
- enter blood stream directly
water soluable
- not stored in body - access is peed out
- low risk of toxicity
- from whole fruits , fortified grain, some animal
sources
Some vitamins function - counteract oxidation by neutralizing
as :Antioxidants substances called free radicals
Free radicals unstable oxygen containing molecules
that can damage the cells of the body
and possibly contribute to increased
risk of chronic diseases
Vitamins can be - store in airtight containers
destroyed by air,
2/33
,7/17/25, 8:42
AM
water, heat - store produce in cooler temps like fridge
- very rare
Vitamin toxicity
- can result when individuals consume megadose
levels of vitamin supplements
- from your diet
How should you get - supps may benefit people who cannot
your vitamins meet needs through diet like pregnant
women
- process of adding vitamins into a food that
would not typically have them
Fortified food
- grains - folic acid
- OJ - vit D
- Eggs - Omg 3
- found in liver, eggs, fortfied milk and cheese
- plant carotenoids (like beta-carotene
Vitamin A (retinol) (give pigments to carrots) )converted to
vit a in body
- essential for healthy eyes/skin
3/33
, 7/17/25, 8:42
AM
- can accumulate to toxic levels
- carotenoids are non toxic - may tint skin
too much vitamin A
TOO Little vit A
- could cause blindness in children
- (Alpha-tocopherol is most active form in body)
Vitamin E - powerful antioxidant
(protects cell membranes and prevents
oxidation of LDL cholesterol)
Vitamin K - Essential for blood clotting (coagulation)
Menaquinone
- made by intestinal bacteria
Phylloquinone
2 forms of vit K
- found in food - primarily green plants
- people taking anticoagulant meds need to take
Vit K intake consistent
4/33
