7/17/25, 9:09
AM
NTR 306: CH. 8-20 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED GRADED A++ 2025/2026 LATEST
UPDATE
Terms in this set (223)
vitamins 1 category of micronutrients that are
organic, essential nutrients required in
small amounts in the diet for normal
growth & health
inadequacy intake is under the EAR but doesn't impact
health (significantly); generally
asymptomatic
deficiency intake is so far below the EAR that it leads to
negative health consequences
solubility the ability to be dissolved; also a way in which
vitamins are categorized
bioavailability the rate and extent that a nutrient is absorbed
and used
supplements vitamins that are synthetically made and isolated
1/
17
,7/17/25, 9:09
AM
fortified vitamins that are synthetically made and
added to foods that don't naturally
included them
enriched vitamins that are synthetically made and
added back into foods that lost them
during processing
natural vitamins that occur naturally in foods
-source of nutrient
-method of food preparation & storage
factors that impact -GI & nutrition status
nutrient bioavailability
-other foods consumed at the same time
B vitamins vitamins that do not directly provide the
body with fuel but serve as coenzymes
within the metabolic pathways
-energy metabolism
-brain, nerve and muscle function
roles of B vitamins -cell growth and function
-eye and skin health
-production of hormones and neurotransmitters
thiamine (B1) deficiency beriberi; symptoms are edema (swelling), muscle
weakness, and fatigue
2/
17
, 7/17/25, 9:09
AM
riboflavin (B2) ariboflavinosis; symptoms are inflammation
deficiency of membranes (mouth, skin, eyes, and GI
tract)
niacin (B3) deficiency pellagra; symptoms are diarrhea, dermatitis,
dementia, and death
pantothenic acid (B5) rare; symptoms are body system fatigue and
deficiency neurological disturbances
pyridoxine (B6) anemia; symptoms are depression and
deficiency confusion short-term, and abnormal
brain wave patterns and convulsions
long-term
biotin deficiency rare; symptoms are skin rash, hair loss, and
neurological impairment
folate deficiency birth defects; symptoms are neural tube defects,
cleft lip and palate, and autism
B12 deficiency macrocytic anemia; symptoms are wide in range
B1-B5 DRIs and
habitual intakes
B6-B12 DRIs and
habitual intakes
3/
17
AM
NTR 306: CH. 8-20 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED GRADED A++ 2025/2026 LATEST
UPDATE
Terms in this set (223)
vitamins 1 category of micronutrients that are
organic, essential nutrients required in
small amounts in the diet for normal
growth & health
inadequacy intake is under the EAR but doesn't impact
health (significantly); generally
asymptomatic
deficiency intake is so far below the EAR that it leads to
negative health consequences
solubility the ability to be dissolved; also a way in which
vitamins are categorized
bioavailability the rate and extent that a nutrient is absorbed
and used
supplements vitamins that are synthetically made and isolated
1/
17
,7/17/25, 9:09
AM
fortified vitamins that are synthetically made and
added to foods that don't naturally
included them
enriched vitamins that are synthetically made and
added back into foods that lost them
during processing
natural vitamins that occur naturally in foods
-source of nutrient
-method of food preparation & storage
factors that impact -GI & nutrition status
nutrient bioavailability
-other foods consumed at the same time
B vitamins vitamins that do not directly provide the
body with fuel but serve as coenzymes
within the metabolic pathways
-energy metabolism
-brain, nerve and muscle function
roles of B vitamins -cell growth and function
-eye and skin health
-production of hormones and neurotransmitters
thiamine (B1) deficiency beriberi; symptoms are edema (swelling), muscle
weakness, and fatigue
2/
17
, 7/17/25, 9:09
AM
riboflavin (B2) ariboflavinosis; symptoms are inflammation
deficiency of membranes (mouth, skin, eyes, and GI
tract)
niacin (B3) deficiency pellagra; symptoms are diarrhea, dermatitis,
dementia, and death
pantothenic acid (B5) rare; symptoms are body system fatigue and
deficiency neurological disturbances
pyridoxine (B6) anemia; symptoms are depression and
deficiency confusion short-term, and abnormal
brain wave patterns and convulsions
long-term
biotin deficiency rare; symptoms are skin rash, hair loss, and
neurological impairment
folate deficiency birth defects; symptoms are neural tube defects,
cleft lip and palate, and autism
B12 deficiency macrocytic anemia; symptoms are wide in range
B1-B5 DRIs and
habitual intakes
B6-B12 DRIs and
habitual intakes
3/
17
