BIO 215 Final Exam Review Questions
How much of the body's weight does the integument account for? ANS: 8%
Under normal conditions, some interstitial fluids slowly escape through the epidermis via what? ANS:
trans epidermal water loss
What is the difference between sensible and insensible perspirations produced by sweat glands in the
skin? ANS: insensible is in the form of water vapor and cannot be seen while sensible contains water
and salts and can be seen
How many weeks does the migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum
take? ANS: 2 weeks
How thick can the epidermis of the skin be? ANS: 0.075 to 0.15 mm thick
How long are the keratinocytes of the epidermis present for? ANS: 4 weeks
What are the two types of connective tissue in the dermis? ANS: areolar and dense irregular
What two things do nerve fibers in skin control? ANS: blood flow and gland secretion rates
Which layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae? ANS: papillary
What are the three functions of the subcutaneous layer? ANS: thermal insulation, energy reservoir, and
protection
What tissue composes the majority of glands? ANS: epithelial tissue
,In what four places can you find epithelial tissue? ANS: lining many organs, lining body cavities, covering
many organs, and covering body surfaces
What two criteria are used to classify epithelial tissue? ANS: the shape of cells at the apical surface and
number of cell layers
What tissue acts as a "gatekeeper" between cells? ANS: epithelial tissue
What are four functions of epithelial tissue? ANS: selective permeability, secretions, physical protection,
and sensations
What are six characteristics of epithelial tissue? ANS: the cells are bound closely together, it is
composed almost entirely of cells, the basal surface is bound to a basement membrane, it is richly
innervated, it lacks blood vessels, and it has a high regeneration capacity.
What structure binds epithelial tissue to connective tissue? ANS: basement membrane
What are two characteristics of simple squamous epithelial tissue? ANS: it lines blood vessels and
allows for rapid diffusion or filtration
What embryonic connective tissue is found only in the umbilical cord? ANS: mucous connective tissue
What do endocrine glands secrete? ANS: hormones
Which connective tissue cells are derived from monocytes in the blood and reside in the extracellular
matrix after leaving the blood? ANS: macrophages
,What are three characteristics of collagen fibers? ANS: they resist stretching, appear white in fresh
tissues, and are strong and flexible.
What connective tissue cells are closely packed together and have nuclei squeezed to one side by the
material that it stores? ANS: adipocytes
What type of protein fibers, found in connective tissue, allow body parts to stretch and appear wavy?
ANS: elastic
What connective tissue serves as padding and acts as an insulator to slow heat loss through the skin?
ANS: adipose (fat)
What connective tissue is found ALL throughout the body, except in tendons and ligaments? ANS:
areolar
What are three functions of adipose tissue? ANS: cushions shock, provides padding, and acts as an
insulator to slow heat loss
In what connective tissue are collagen fibers are packed tightly and aligned parallel to an applied force?
ANS: dense regular
In what four places is hyaline cartilage located? ANS: at the ends of long bones, in the nose, in costal
cartilages, and in the fetal skeleton
What type of cartilage is the weakest and most common? ANS: hyaline
What type of cartilage is surrounded by a perichondrium and named for its clear, glassy appearance?
ANS: hyaline cartilage
, What is the dense irregular connective tissue covering long bones? ANS: periosteum
What connective tissue functions to withstand stress applied in all directions and is extremely durable?
ANS: dense irregular
What are the four functions of bone? ANS: stores calcium and phosphorus, provides levers for
movement, carries out hemopoiesis, and protects vital organs
What is another name for cancellous bone? ANS: spongy bone
What component of blood is involved in blood clotting? ANS: platelets
What are two characteristics of serous membranes? ANS: they contain a parietal and visceral layer; the
pericardium is an example.
What are the two parts of a serous membrane? ANS: the parietal layer that lines the body cavity and
the visceral layer that covers organs
Are there more glial cells or neuroans? ANS: glial cells
What are three characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue? ANS: it is multinucleated, voluntary, and
striated
How many enclosed cavities does the posterior aspect of the body have? ANS: 2
What lines the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities? ANS: a thin serous membrane with a parietal layer
(lines the internal surface of the body wall) and a visceral layer (lines the external surface of organs)
How much of the body's weight does the integument account for? ANS: 8%
Under normal conditions, some interstitial fluids slowly escape through the epidermis via what? ANS:
trans epidermal water loss
What is the difference between sensible and insensible perspirations produced by sweat glands in the
skin? ANS: insensible is in the form of water vapor and cannot be seen while sensible contains water
and salts and can be seen
How many weeks does the migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum
take? ANS: 2 weeks
How thick can the epidermis of the skin be? ANS: 0.075 to 0.15 mm thick
How long are the keratinocytes of the epidermis present for? ANS: 4 weeks
What are the two types of connective tissue in the dermis? ANS: areolar and dense irregular
What two things do nerve fibers in skin control? ANS: blood flow and gland secretion rates
Which layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae? ANS: papillary
What are the three functions of the subcutaneous layer? ANS: thermal insulation, energy reservoir, and
protection
What tissue composes the majority of glands? ANS: epithelial tissue
,In what four places can you find epithelial tissue? ANS: lining many organs, lining body cavities, covering
many organs, and covering body surfaces
What two criteria are used to classify epithelial tissue? ANS: the shape of cells at the apical surface and
number of cell layers
What tissue acts as a "gatekeeper" between cells? ANS: epithelial tissue
What are four functions of epithelial tissue? ANS: selective permeability, secretions, physical protection,
and sensations
What are six characteristics of epithelial tissue? ANS: the cells are bound closely together, it is
composed almost entirely of cells, the basal surface is bound to a basement membrane, it is richly
innervated, it lacks blood vessels, and it has a high regeneration capacity.
What structure binds epithelial tissue to connective tissue? ANS: basement membrane
What are two characteristics of simple squamous epithelial tissue? ANS: it lines blood vessels and
allows for rapid diffusion or filtration
What embryonic connective tissue is found only in the umbilical cord? ANS: mucous connective tissue
What do endocrine glands secrete? ANS: hormones
Which connective tissue cells are derived from monocytes in the blood and reside in the extracellular
matrix after leaving the blood? ANS: macrophages
,What are three characteristics of collagen fibers? ANS: they resist stretching, appear white in fresh
tissues, and are strong and flexible.
What connective tissue cells are closely packed together and have nuclei squeezed to one side by the
material that it stores? ANS: adipocytes
What type of protein fibers, found in connective tissue, allow body parts to stretch and appear wavy?
ANS: elastic
What connective tissue serves as padding and acts as an insulator to slow heat loss through the skin?
ANS: adipose (fat)
What connective tissue is found ALL throughout the body, except in tendons and ligaments? ANS:
areolar
What are three functions of adipose tissue? ANS: cushions shock, provides padding, and acts as an
insulator to slow heat loss
In what connective tissue are collagen fibers are packed tightly and aligned parallel to an applied force?
ANS: dense regular
In what four places is hyaline cartilage located? ANS: at the ends of long bones, in the nose, in costal
cartilages, and in the fetal skeleton
What type of cartilage is the weakest and most common? ANS: hyaline
What type of cartilage is surrounded by a perichondrium and named for its clear, glassy appearance?
ANS: hyaline cartilage
, What is the dense irregular connective tissue covering long bones? ANS: periosteum
What connective tissue functions to withstand stress applied in all directions and is extremely durable?
ANS: dense irregular
What are the four functions of bone? ANS: stores calcium and phosphorus, provides levers for
movement, carries out hemopoiesis, and protects vital organs
What is another name for cancellous bone? ANS: spongy bone
What component of blood is involved in blood clotting? ANS: platelets
What are two characteristics of serous membranes? ANS: they contain a parietal and visceral layer; the
pericardium is an example.
What are the two parts of a serous membrane? ANS: the parietal layer that lines the body cavity and
the visceral layer that covers organs
Are there more glial cells or neuroans? ANS: glial cells
What are three characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue? ANS: it is multinucleated, voluntary, and
striated
How many enclosed cavities does the posterior aspect of the body have? ANS: 2
What lines the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities? ANS: a thin serous membrane with a parietal layer
(lines the internal surface of the body wall) and a visceral layer (lines the external surface of organs)
