CHAPTER 2 PERSONAL TRAINER
AFAA EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Exercise physiology - Correct Answers -science of how the body operates during
exercise & at rest
Describe the structure of the heart - Correct Answers -Muscular organ about the zie of a
fist that is divided into left & right sides that are separated by a wall / septum.
Performs 2 distinct functions, so it's AKA a double-pump.
Has upper & lower chambers (atria & ventricles).
3 layers of tissue that the heart is composed of - Correct Answers -1. Epicardium
2. Myocardium
3. Endocardium
Pericardium - Correct Answers -loose, yet protective sac that contains the heart
Epicardium - Correct Answers -thin membrane located on outermost layer of the heart
Myocardium - Correct Answers -thickest & strongest in the walls of the left ventricle, the
chamber responsible for pumping blood throughout the body
Endocardium - Correct Answers -smooth membrane that lines the chambers of the
heart
Myocardial Infaction (MI) - Correct Answers -heart attack
occurs due to lack of blood flow through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle
Infaction - Correct Answers -blockage of blood flow
When an infaction occurs, those portions of the myocardium affected die.
beta oxidation - Correct Answers -metabolic process where complex fatty acids are
broken down into simple compounds
glycolysis - Correct Answers -process where glucose is broken down & converted into
pyruvic acid
, anaerobic threshold - Correct Answers -when work becomes so intense it relies on the
anaerobic glycolic system to produce ATP
Cardiac Cycle - Correct Answers -contraction / relaxation pattern produced by the heart
Systole - Correct Answers -ventricle contraction phase
Diastole - Correct Answers -relaxation phase
Stroke Volume - Correct Answers -amount of blood pumped with each beat / systole
Heart Rate (HR) - Correct Answers -Number of times the heart beats per minute
Cardiac Output - Correct Answers -amount of blood pumped per minute
Heart Rate X Stroke Volume
SA Node (Pacemaker) - Correct Answers -Dictates regulation of the contractions of the
heart
What is the average resting heart rate? - Correct Answers -60-80 beats per minute
ECG / EKG - Correct Answers -electrocardiogram device used to diagnose cardiac
problems by measuring the heart's electrical activity
Name the 3 circulatory system blood carrying vessels, which produce a circuit of blood
flow throughout the body - Correct Answers -1. arteries
2. capillaries
3. veins
Ischemia - Correct Answers -lack of blood flow
Glucose - Correct Answers -blood sugar that comes from carbohydrates
Lactic acid - Correct Answers -anaerobic pathway that provides rapid source of energy,
created from pyruvic acid
Venous Return - Correct Answers -as the blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the
venous system, which returns blood back to the heart
myosin - Correct Answers -myofilament within sarcomeres, attaches to and pulls actin
to shorten muscle
actin - Correct Answers -one of the two proteins
maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) - Correct Answers -volume of oxygen at the cellular
level, max we can take in
AFAA EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Exercise physiology - Correct Answers -science of how the body operates during
exercise & at rest
Describe the structure of the heart - Correct Answers -Muscular organ about the zie of a
fist that is divided into left & right sides that are separated by a wall / septum.
Performs 2 distinct functions, so it's AKA a double-pump.
Has upper & lower chambers (atria & ventricles).
3 layers of tissue that the heart is composed of - Correct Answers -1. Epicardium
2. Myocardium
3. Endocardium
Pericardium - Correct Answers -loose, yet protective sac that contains the heart
Epicardium - Correct Answers -thin membrane located on outermost layer of the heart
Myocardium - Correct Answers -thickest & strongest in the walls of the left ventricle, the
chamber responsible for pumping blood throughout the body
Endocardium - Correct Answers -smooth membrane that lines the chambers of the
heart
Myocardial Infaction (MI) - Correct Answers -heart attack
occurs due to lack of blood flow through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle
Infaction - Correct Answers -blockage of blood flow
When an infaction occurs, those portions of the myocardium affected die.
beta oxidation - Correct Answers -metabolic process where complex fatty acids are
broken down into simple compounds
glycolysis - Correct Answers -process where glucose is broken down & converted into
pyruvic acid
, anaerobic threshold - Correct Answers -when work becomes so intense it relies on the
anaerobic glycolic system to produce ATP
Cardiac Cycle - Correct Answers -contraction / relaxation pattern produced by the heart
Systole - Correct Answers -ventricle contraction phase
Diastole - Correct Answers -relaxation phase
Stroke Volume - Correct Answers -amount of blood pumped with each beat / systole
Heart Rate (HR) - Correct Answers -Number of times the heart beats per minute
Cardiac Output - Correct Answers -amount of blood pumped per minute
Heart Rate X Stroke Volume
SA Node (Pacemaker) - Correct Answers -Dictates regulation of the contractions of the
heart
What is the average resting heart rate? - Correct Answers -60-80 beats per minute
ECG / EKG - Correct Answers -electrocardiogram device used to diagnose cardiac
problems by measuring the heart's electrical activity
Name the 3 circulatory system blood carrying vessels, which produce a circuit of blood
flow throughout the body - Correct Answers -1. arteries
2. capillaries
3. veins
Ischemia - Correct Answers -lack of blood flow
Glucose - Correct Answers -blood sugar that comes from carbohydrates
Lactic acid - Correct Answers -anaerobic pathway that provides rapid source of energy,
created from pyruvic acid
Venous Return - Correct Answers -as the blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the
venous system, which returns blood back to the heart
myosin - Correct Answers -myofilament within sarcomeres, attaches to and pulls actin
to shorten muscle
actin - Correct Answers -one of the two proteins
maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) - Correct Answers -volume of oxygen at the cellular
level, max we can take in
