GOVERNANCE
3. Important aspects of governance, transparency and
accountability, e-governance- applications, models,
successes, limitations, and potential;
Governance
significance of sharing best practices and mutual learning for good governance in a country of the
scale and diversity of india
Significance of sharing best practices: some of the significance are
1. Nurtures a learning culture
2. Identifies and fill knowledge gap
3. Generate creative and innovative ideas
4. Enables best decision making
5. Boost efficiency and competence
6. Provides internal knowledge base.
7. Reduces loss of know how.
8. Cuts down time and cost.
Some examples are in
a) Making public policy: Here it helps in reviewing policy alternatives that have been effective in
addressing similar issues in the past and could be applied to a current problem for example - The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) produces a document called The Clean Energy-Environment
Guide to Action. It is designed to share best practices of successful states to determine what is most suitable
for them to use in generating clean energy policies and programs. The guide includes 16 clean energy
policies and programs that offer opportunities for states to save energy, improve air quality, lower
greenhouse gas emission and increase economic development.
b) In health and social services: In recent years, public agencies and non- governmental organizations
have been exploring and adopting best practices when delivering health and human services. For example-
Kerala government’s health governance structure to identify and control highly contagious diseases like
Nipah is shared widely to get best results.
c) Environmental management: The concept of best practice has been employed extensively in
environmental management for example – Dhara vikas (spring shed) program in Sikkim. The other hilly
states can follow the same for water security.
d) Education: As important skills that need to be developed in community colleges in order to create a
strong workforce. Japans model of school education is cited as best practice for overall development of
children
E) Nutrition management: To deal with rinsing malnutrition issue many state government have come up
,with their respective programs. Telangana governments program of giving jaggery and peanut laddos is
been appreciated
1. How is technology emerging as a critical aspect of governance in India? Illustrate with the
help of suitable examples.
E-governance is the application of ICT for delivering government services effectively , timely ,
rapidly to all stakeholder. The primary role of e-governance is to simplify the process of governance,
by making it more transparent and accountable using ICT.
Benefits of leveraging ICT in governance:
• Transparency: Use of ICT makes governing process transparent. Govt ki sari info
internet pe hogi citizen jb chahe dekh skte h
• Accountability: Once the governing process is made transparent the govt apne app
accountable ho Jati h
• Improved Customer Service: e- govt se service ki efficient, effective ,transparent
,faster delivery ho Jati h
• Data management: ICT se data store , retrieval of data ,transmission of data ,
processing of data , me speed and easiness aati hain if compare with earlier manual system.
• Decision making: Speeding up governmental processes, decision taking , transparency
and accountability. It also helps in increasing the reach of government – both geographically and
demographically.
Technology in governance:
e-Administration: improvise intra government operations and interaction ne kafi loophole bhar
diye Gaye h thereby it helping governance to become effective & efficient
Some of the examples are
Management information system to synergize the data and communication between
alag alag department E.g. NATGRID: connecting databases of core security agencies
and making intelligence data at one place jo easy to process h.
computerization of records of land, health etc., E.g. National health stack project,
Project Bhoomi and so on.
e-office Mission mode project including e-file management etc.
Projects like Khajane of Karnataka for treasury management, e-panchayat project for
effective working of PRI and so on.
Monitoring becoming easy and enhancing transparency through projects like Darpan,
, MPLAD monitoring project etc.,
e-services: this brought state closer to citizen and helpful in realizing the concept of service at
door steps.E.g. e-filing of IT returns, online services for certificate applications, e-seva project
of Andhra pradesh and so on.
e-Democracy: use of ICT facilitate active participation citizen in governance process . It includes
online disclosures of policies, online grievance redressal, e-referendums, e-petitions etc.
Justice poors and disadvantage ki reach m bhi aari h e.g. e-courts etc., with technology use -
judiciary has improved its efficiency and hence helping in speedy justice.
Service efficiency and grievance redressal: ICT curbed the bureaupathologies like red-tapism,
nepotism etc., and is bringing transparency and accountability in governance. E.g. Citizen
charters, SAKALA project in Karnataka, Pragathi project etc.,
Development administration: ICT help Krti h govt ki agar koi deficency rah Jati service
delivery me. E.g. projects like common service center, village resource center, technology use in
schemes like PM Fasal Bhima yojana etc., in rural development.
Urban governance: ICT improving UG's process by help in collecting critical data like about
waste collect ,feedback from citizen and then help to improve the efficiency of municipal
administration. E.g. under smart city project, Kanpur was able to reduce the crime rate by 70%
by using technology like cctv cameras, emergency helpline etc.,
Disaster management: with the climate change , risk of disaster is increasing and ICT helps all
the stages of disaster management including prevention, mitigation, rescue, relief and so on. E.g.
Smart-Gov project: of Andhra Pradesh government connecting the different stakeholders like
home ministry, NDMA, District administration and so on for cyclone management.
Railway - ASKDISHA Chatbot? - It is an Artificial Intelligence-based chatbot. It is a
special computer programme designed to simulate conversation with users, especially
over the internet.Since its initial launch, passengers seeking help on the reservation of
tickets, cancellation, enquiry of refund status, fare, PNR search, train running status, enquiry
about retiring rooms and tourism products have been benefited.
4. Test runs and pilot projects are important prerequisites of successful policy implementation.
Elucidate.
A pilot is a trial run, a small-scale version of your larger project. A program pilot can help you
catch potential problems and prevent them from escalating as well as accomplish other goals before
full implementation occurs.
Trial run forms part of a committed project .It tests the implementation approach and its purpose is
to manage the risk of implementation.
, important of Test runs and pilot projects
Pilot test and trial run can help determine if any adjustments to the implementation plan or
adaptations to program are necessary. It can also reveal unforeseen challenges that might arise
during implementation.
Eg. - Certain sites were chosen for UIDAI pilot project to link Aadhaar with payouts under
the MGNREGA. There were many initial glitches successful biometric test for wage
payments. Pilot projects gave opportunity of identify and remove those problems.
Pilot testing helps to gauge the target population’s reaction to the program. It help to know
whether it will fit or not to your population and any readjustment necessery h ya ni.
Eg. - Certain states started pilot projects of oilseed purchases by private players. However
procurement of oilseeds may not be commercially viable. The viability must be tested
through the pilot projects.
Pilot testing can help to make better decisions about how to allocate time and resources. It helps
to know kisi ya koi aspect of project me Jada time or resource ki jarurat to ni h
Eg. Pilot FAME project isme first phase me more focus kia private vehicle and but
2nd phase me govt transport ko priority di
Pilot testing can help analyse the suitability of new changes done in the policy for the entire
country.
Eg. The demonstrated success of reform in rural water supply and sanitation sector based
on demand driven approaches are better tested by pilot project of ‘Swajal project’
Pilot testing can help ensure that government is well prepared to measure the success of its
program.
Eg.- Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao was started from an initial pilot in 100 districts and later
was extended to all 640 districts in March 2018. Data released by the Government for the
first 161 BBBP districts for the 2015-2017 period showed improving trend in Sex Ratio at
Birth in 104 districts. These measurements helped in expanding the scheme all over the
country.
5. Governance should be designed as an equalizer. Do you agree? Do you think governance in
India has an equalizing effect? Critically examine.
Designing governance as an equalizer means that it should reduce all forms of inequality and create
equal opportunity for all. Under the concept of welfare state, government must work for the welfare
of all with special attention on the weak and vulnerable.
Governance should be designed as an equalizer
3. Important aspects of governance, transparency and
accountability, e-governance- applications, models,
successes, limitations, and potential;
Governance
significance of sharing best practices and mutual learning for good governance in a country of the
scale and diversity of india
Significance of sharing best practices: some of the significance are
1. Nurtures a learning culture
2. Identifies and fill knowledge gap
3. Generate creative and innovative ideas
4. Enables best decision making
5. Boost efficiency and competence
6. Provides internal knowledge base.
7. Reduces loss of know how.
8. Cuts down time and cost.
Some examples are in
a) Making public policy: Here it helps in reviewing policy alternatives that have been effective in
addressing similar issues in the past and could be applied to a current problem for example - The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) produces a document called The Clean Energy-Environment
Guide to Action. It is designed to share best practices of successful states to determine what is most suitable
for them to use in generating clean energy policies and programs. The guide includes 16 clean energy
policies and programs that offer opportunities for states to save energy, improve air quality, lower
greenhouse gas emission and increase economic development.
b) In health and social services: In recent years, public agencies and non- governmental organizations
have been exploring and adopting best practices when delivering health and human services. For example-
Kerala government’s health governance structure to identify and control highly contagious diseases like
Nipah is shared widely to get best results.
c) Environmental management: The concept of best practice has been employed extensively in
environmental management for example – Dhara vikas (spring shed) program in Sikkim. The other hilly
states can follow the same for water security.
d) Education: As important skills that need to be developed in community colleges in order to create a
strong workforce. Japans model of school education is cited as best practice for overall development of
children
E) Nutrition management: To deal with rinsing malnutrition issue many state government have come up
,with their respective programs. Telangana governments program of giving jaggery and peanut laddos is
been appreciated
1. How is technology emerging as a critical aspect of governance in India? Illustrate with the
help of suitable examples.
E-governance is the application of ICT for delivering government services effectively , timely ,
rapidly to all stakeholder. The primary role of e-governance is to simplify the process of governance,
by making it more transparent and accountable using ICT.
Benefits of leveraging ICT in governance:
• Transparency: Use of ICT makes governing process transparent. Govt ki sari info
internet pe hogi citizen jb chahe dekh skte h
• Accountability: Once the governing process is made transparent the govt apne app
accountable ho Jati h
• Improved Customer Service: e- govt se service ki efficient, effective ,transparent
,faster delivery ho Jati h
• Data management: ICT se data store , retrieval of data ,transmission of data ,
processing of data , me speed and easiness aati hain if compare with earlier manual system.
• Decision making: Speeding up governmental processes, decision taking , transparency
and accountability. It also helps in increasing the reach of government – both geographically and
demographically.
Technology in governance:
e-Administration: improvise intra government operations and interaction ne kafi loophole bhar
diye Gaye h thereby it helping governance to become effective & efficient
Some of the examples are
Management information system to synergize the data and communication between
alag alag department E.g. NATGRID: connecting databases of core security agencies
and making intelligence data at one place jo easy to process h.
computerization of records of land, health etc., E.g. National health stack project,
Project Bhoomi and so on.
e-office Mission mode project including e-file management etc.
Projects like Khajane of Karnataka for treasury management, e-panchayat project for
effective working of PRI and so on.
Monitoring becoming easy and enhancing transparency through projects like Darpan,
, MPLAD monitoring project etc.,
e-services: this brought state closer to citizen and helpful in realizing the concept of service at
door steps.E.g. e-filing of IT returns, online services for certificate applications, e-seva project
of Andhra pradesh and so on.
e-Democracy: use of ICT facilitate active participation citizen in governance process . It includes
online disclosures of policies, online grievance redressal, e-referendums, e-petitions etc.
Justice poors and disadvantage ki reach m bhi aari h e.g. e-courts etc., with technology use -
judiciary has improved its efficiency and hence helping in speedy justice.
Service efficiency and grievance redressal: ICT curbed the bureaupathologies like red-tapism,
nepotism etc., and is bringing transparency and accountability in governance. E.g. Citizen
charters, SAKALA project in Karnataka, Pragathi project etc.,
Development administration: ICT help Krti h govt ki agar koi deficency rah Jati service
delivery me. E.g. projects like common service center, village resource center, technology use in
schemes like PM Fasal Bhima yojana etc., in rural development.
Urban governance: ICT improving UG's process by help in collecting critical data like about
waste collect ,feedback from citizen and then help to improve the efficiency of municipal
administration. E.g. under smart city project, Kanpur was able to reduce the crime rate by 70%
by using technology like cctv cameras, emergency helpline etc.,
Disaster management: with the climate change , risk of disaster is increasing and ICT helps all
the stages of disaster management including prevention, mitigation, rescue, relief and so on. E.g.
Smart-Gov project: of Andhra Pradesh government connecting the different stakeholders like
home ministry, NDMA, District administration and so on for cyclone management.
Railway - ASKDISHA Chatbot? - It is an Artificial Intelligence-based chatbot. It is a
special computer programme designed to simulate conversation with users, especially
over the internet.Since its initial launch, passengers seeking help on the reservation of
tickets, cancellation, enquiry of refund status, fare, PNR search, train running status, enquiry
about retiring rooms and tourism products have been benefited.
4. Test runs and pilot projects are important prerequisites of successful policy implementation.
Elucidate.
A pilot is a trial run, a small-scale version of your larger project. A program pilot can help you
catch potential problems and prevent them from escalating as well as accomplish other goals before
full implementation occurs.
Trial run forms part of a committed project .It tests the implementation approach and its purpose is
to manage the risk of implementation.
, important of Test runs and pilot projects
Pilot test and trial run can help determine if any adjustments to the implementation plan or
adaptations to program are necessary. It can also reveal unforeseen challenges that might arise
during implementation.
Eg. - Certain sites were chosen for UIDAI pilot project to link Aadhaar with payouts under
the MGNREGA. There were many initial glitches successful biometric test for wage
payments. Pilot projects gave opportunity of identify and remove those problems.
Pilot testing helps to gauge the target population’s reaction to the program. It help to know
whether it will fit or not to your population and any readjustment necessery h ya ni.
Eg. - Certain states started pilot projects of oilseed purchases by private players. However
procurement of oilseeds may not be commercially viable. The viability must be tested
through the pilot projects.
Pilot testing can help to make better decisions about how to allocate time and resources. It helps
to know kisi ya koi aspect of project me Jada time or resource ki jarurat to ni h
Eg. Pilot FAME project isme first phase me more focus kia private vehicle and but
2nd phase me govt transport ko priority di
Pilot testing can help analyse the suitability of new changes done in the policy for the entire
country.
Eg. The demonstrated success of reform in rural water supply and sanitation sector based
on demand driven approaches are better tested by pilot project of ‘Swajal project’
Pilot testing can help ensure that government is well prepared to measure the success of its
program.
Eg.- Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao was started from an initial pilot in 100 districts and later
was extended to all 640 districts in March 2018. Data released by the Government for the
first 161 BBBP districts for the 2015-2017 period showed improving trend in Sex Ratio at
Birth in 104 districts. These measurements helped in expanding the scheme all over the
country.
5. Governance should be designed as an equalizer. Do you agree? Do you think governance in
India has an equalizing effect? Critically examine.
Designing governance as an equalizer means that it should reduce all forms of inequality and create
equal opportunity for all. Under the concept of welfare state, government must work for the welfare
of all with special attention on the weak and vulnerable.
Governance should be designed as an equalizer
