INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIP
3 . E!ect of policies and politics of developed and
developing countries on India’s interests, Indian
diaspora.
Refugee situations continue to increase in scope, scale, and complexity in the “decade of
displacement”. In light of this statement, the Global Refugee Forum is an opportunity to translate the
principle of international responsibility-sharing into concrete action. Discuss (250 words)
A refugee is defined as a person who due to fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality,
membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable
or is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country.
Refugee crisis in on the rise across the globe:
Acc. To Global Migration Report 2020’ - In 2019 international migrants are estimated at 270 million where
more than half of all international migrants (141 million) live in Europe and North America. Top destination
remains the United States at nearly 51 million.
According to the UN’s Global Trends report released in June this year, there are 37,000 new displacements
every day.
Causes for refugee crisis
Political Instability:There is great instability in the west Asia. War between the ISIS and Kurdish rebels in
Iraq and Syria, attacks by Saudi Arabia on Houthi rebels in Yemen, the civil War in Syria. All of them
combined to displace a large number of people from these countries.
Dictatorship regimes and Islamic fundamentalism: It made Middle East most volatile n disturbed place
on the planet. Western powers in order to make their oil supply smooth and to be part of Gulf Boom started
in early 80’s always took a partial stand on these issues
Economic Reasons:A large number of refugees from Africa have been forced to leave their countries in
search of opportunities abroad, primarily in Europe.
State Persecution:Rohingyas are a sect of Muslims who are originally inhibitors of the Rakhine, a state in
Myanmar. However, Myanmar considers them illegal immigrants from Bangladesh and has withdrawn
citizenship rights from the Rohingyas. This has forced Rohingyas to flee to other countries.
Democracy movements and civil war:Present refugees’ crisis didn’t started yesterday but it has been seen a
huge surge from Libya conflict.
Climate Change:Low lying island nations are threatened by rising sea levels and forced to leave their
, countries. Such refugees are known as Environmental refugee.
Refugee situation in India
India does not have a separate statute for refugees, and until now has been dealing with refugees on a case-
by-case basis.
India is not a signatory to the 1951 Convention on Refugees or the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of
Refugees. In 2011, the Union government circulated to all states and Union Territories a Standard Operating
Procedure to deal with foreign nationals who claimed to be refugees.
In late 2011, the Rohingya started to arrive in India’s northeast following stepped-up persecution by the
Myanmarese armed forces.According to the Home Ministry, there are roughly 40,000 Rohingya living in
India illegally.
According to the Bureau of Immigration Data, India sent back 330 Pakistanis and 1,770 Bangladeshis
between 2015 and 2018.
Role of Global Refugee Forum:
Global Refugee Forum is an opportunity to translate the principle of international responsibility-sharing into
concrete action.
The Global Compact intends to provide a basis for more predictable and equitable responsibility sharing,
recognizing that a sustainable solution to refugee situations cannot be achieved without international cooperation.
The Global Compact calls for a number of arrangements, both at the global and national level, to translate the
principle of international solidarity into concrete action. Chief among them is the organization of a Global Refugee
Forum.
Pledges and contributions may take the form of financial, material, and technical assistance; resettlement places and
complementary pathways for admission to third countries; as well as other actions that States and other stakeholders
have elected to take to achieve tangible benefits for refugees and host communities. Pledges can be made either
individually or jointly with other actors.
It recognize good practice , and set this as inspiration story to motivate other.
Way forward:
Refugees and migrants contribute to the growth and development of host countries as well as their countries of
origin. So there is a need for more measures to promote the social and economic inclusion of refugees and migrants.
There is a need to give greater attention to addressing the drivers of forced displacement.
There is a need to strengthen the international systems that manage large movements of people so that they uphold
human rights norms and provide the necessary protections. States must honour their international legal obligations,
including the 1951 Refugee Convention.
Global policy efforts, therefore, must focus on better cooperation and dialogue among the affected countries. This
3 . E!ect of policies and politics of developed and
developing countries on India’s interests, Indian
diaspora.
Refugee situations continue to increase in scope, scale, and complexity in the “decade of
displacement”. In light of this statement, the Global Refugee Forum is an opportunity to translate the
principle of international responsibility-sharing into concrete action. Discuss (250 words)
A refugee is defined as a person who due to fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality,
membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable
or is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country.
Refugee crisis in on the rise across the globe:
Acc. To Global Migration Report 2020’ - In 2019 international migrants are estimated at 270 million where
more than half of all international migrants (141 million) live in Europe and North America. Top destination
remains the United States at nearly 51 million.
According to the UN’s Global Trends report released in June this year, there are 37,000 new displacements
every day.
Causes for refugee crisis
Political Instability:There is great instability in the west Asia. War between the ISIS and Kurdish rebels in
Iraq and Syria, attacks by Saudi Arabia on Houthi rebels in Yemen, the civil War in Syria. All of them
combined to displace a large number of people from these countries.
Dictatorship regimes and Islamic fundamentalism: It made Middle East most volatile n disturbed place
on the planet. Western powers in order to make their oil supply smooth and to be part of Gulf Boom started
in early 80’s always took a partial stand on these issues
Economic Reasons:A large number of refugees from Africa have been forced to leave their countries in
search of opportunities abroad, primarily in Europe.
State Persecution:Rohingyas are a sect of Muslims who are originally inhibitors of the Rakhine, a state in
Myanmar. However, Myanmar considers them illegal immigrants from Bangladesh and has withdrawn
citizenship rights from the Rohingyas. This has forced Rohingyas to flee to other countries.
Democracy movements and civil war:Present refugees’ crisis didn’t started yesterday but it has been seen a
huge surge from Libya conflict.
Climate Change:Low lying island nations are threatened by rising sea levels and forced to leave their
, countries. Such refugees are known as Environmental refugee.
Refugee situation in India
India does not have a separate statute for refugees, and until now has been dealing with refugees on a case-
by-case basis.
India is not a signatory to the 1951 Convention on Refugees or the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of
Refugees. In 2011, the Union government circulated to all states and Union Territories a Standard Operating
Procedure to deal with foreign nationals who claimed to be refugees.
In late 2011, the Rohingya started to arrive in India’s northeast following stepped-up persecution by the
Myanmarese armed forces.According to the Home Ministry, there are roughly 40,000 Rohingya living in
India illegally.
According to the Bureau of Immigration Data, India sent back 330 Pakistanis and 1,770 Bangladeshis
between 2015 and 2018.
Role of Global Refugee Forum:
Global Refugee Forum is an opportunity to translate the principle of international responsibility-sharing into
concrete action.
The Global Compact intends to provide a basis for more predictable and equitable responsibility sharing,
recognizing that a sustainable solution to refugee situations cannot be achieved without international cooperation.
The Global Compact calls for a number of arrangements, both at the global and national level, to translate the
principle of international solidarity into concrete action. Chief among them is the organization of a Global Refugee
Forum.
Pledges and contributions may take the form of financial, material, and technical assistance; resettlement places and
complementary pathways for admission to third countries; as well as other actions that States and other stakeholders
have elected to take to achieve tangible benefits for refugees and host communities. Pledges can be made either
individually or jointly with other actors.
It recognize good practice , and set this as inspiration story to motivate other.
Way forward:
Refugees and migrants contribute to the growth and development of host countries as well as their countries of
origin. So there is a need for more measures to promote the social and economic inclusion of refugees and migrants.
There is a need to give greater attention to addressing the drivers of forced displacement.
There is a need to strengthen the international systems that manage large movements of people so that they uphold
human rights norms and provide the necessary protections. States must honour their international legal obligations,
including the 1951 Refugee Convention.
Global policy efforts, therefore, must focus on better cooperation and dialogue among the affected countries. This
