GCU NUR 635 midterm
Pharmacokinetics includes - answer absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
absorption of drugs factors – answer PH changes, gastric emptying, gastric enzymes,
bile acids, GI flora, food and nutrient interactions, lipid solubility
Where is cyp450 system found - answer endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes
CYP3A4/5 - answer most abundant CYP450 isoform which metabolizes the most
prescribed
" "drugs. Especially important for bioavailability due to its abundance in
" "cells lining the GI tract. Can be induced by a wide variety of drugs "
"and is potently inhibited by ketoconazole and erythromycin.
CYP2D6 - answer metabolizes 25% of prescribed drugs
*3*4*5 majority of bad metabolizers
Antidepressants
Antipsychotics
Antiarrythmics
*carvedilol, *metoprolol
*codeine → morphine
*tamoxifen to active
CYP2c8/9 - answerwarfarin
CYP1A2 - answerAcetAminophen
CRAP GPS induces my rage - answercarbamazepine, rifampin,
alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulun, phenobarbitone, sulfonylureas
rectal admin has what absorption - answervariable and erratic
steady state (SS) is usually reached within how many half-lives of a drug - answer4-5
zero-order(nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means a drug is metabolized - answerat a
constant rate per unit time
Michaelis-menten pharmacokinetics - answerthe rate of drug elimination is directly
proportion to the concentration of free drug (phenytoin)
theraputic index - answerTD50 = median toxic dose
ED50 = median effective dose
, window = between those doses
safe drugs have a wider or high window/index
Agonist - answerdrugs that alter the physiology of a cell by binding to plasma
membrane or intracellular receptors
Antagonists (drugs) - answerThese drugs block the actions caused by agonists
off-label use - answera drug can be used for an unapproved indication and is legitimate
if there is clinical data supporting its use for that indication
"safe" drug means - answerthe FDA has determined the drugs benefits are greater than
the possible risks involved with its use
elimination of drugs most often involves what function - answerrenal
Beta Blockers - answer-olol
propanolol
metoprolol
esmolol
atenolol
name short acting beta blocker - answeresmolol
Calcium Channel Blockers - answeramlodipine, nicardipine
verapamil
felodipine
nifedipine
diltiazem
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors - answerlisinopril, captopril,
enalapril,
ramipril,
benazapril,
fosinopril
important side effects of ACEI - answercough, angioedema
angiotensinII receptor blocking agents - answer-sartan
valsartan, losartan, candesartan, Irbesartan
amlodipine causes the most - answerperipheral edema, especially pedal
alpha 1 adrenergic stimulation results in - answervasoconstriction and increased blood
pressure
Pharmacokinetics includes - answer absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
absorption of drugs factors – answer PH changes, gastric emptying, gastric enzymes,
bile acids, GI flora, food and nutrient interactions, lipid solubility
Where is cyp450 system found - answer endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes
CYP3A4/5 - answer most abundant CYP450 isoform which metabolizes the most
prescribed
" "drugs. Especially important for bioavailability due to its abundance in
" "cells lining the GI tract. Can be induced by a wide variety of drugs "
"and is potently inhibited by ketoconazole and erythromycin.
CYP2D6 - answer metabolizes 25% of prescribed drugs
*3*4*5 majority of bad metabolizers
Antidepressants
Antipsychotics
Antiarrythmics
*carvedilol, *metoprolol
*codeine → morphine
*tamoxifen to active
CYP2c8/9 - answerwarfarin
CYP1A2 - answerAcetAminophen
CRAP GPS induces my rage - answercarbamazepine, rifampin,
alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulun, phenobarbitone, sulfonylureas
rectal admin has what absorption - answervariable and erratic
steady state (SS) is usually reached within how many half-lives of a drug - answer4-5
zero-order(nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means a drug is metabolized - answerat a
constant rate per unit time
Michaelis-menten pharmacokinetics - answerthe rate of drug elimination is directly
proportion to the concentration of free drug (phenytoin)
theraputic index - answerTD50 = median toxic dose
ED50 = median effective dose
, window = between those doses
safe drugs have a wider or high window/index
Agonist - answerdrugs that alter the physiology of a cell by binding to plasma
membrane or intracellular receptors
Antagonists (drugs) - answerThese drugs block the actions caused by agonists
off-label use - answera drug can be used for an unapproved indication and is legitimate
if there is clinical data supporting its use for that indication
"safe" drug means - answerthe FDA has determined the drugs benefits are greater than
the possible risks involved with its use
elimination of drugs most often involves what function - answerrenal
Beta Blockers - answer-olol
propanolol
metoprolol
esmolol
atenolol
name short acting beta blocker - answeresmolol
Calcium Channel Blockers - answeramlodipine, nicardipine
verapamil
felodipine
nifedipine
diltiazem
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors - answerlisinopril, captopril,
enalapril,
ramipril,
benazapril,
fosinopril
important side effects of ACEI - answercough, angioedema
angiotensinII receptor blocking agents - answer-sartan
valsartan, losartan, candesartan, Irbesartan
amlodipine causes the most - answerperipheral edema, especially pedal
alpha 1 adrenergic stimulation results in - answervasoconstriction and increased blood
pressure
