NUR 635 Advanced Pharmacology
Pt on heparin in hospital setting. Why start coumadin 2 days before dc? -
answerBecause coumadin needs a couple days before it starts working.
Angina: bc pts dev tolerance to long-acting nitroglycerine w/i 1 day. How to prevent? -
answerPts must have 8hrs with no nitroglycerine every days. Hint: At night, remove nitro
patch bc no risk of exertional angina
Underlying cause of angina - answercoronary disease, athlerosclerosis
Why do we give aspirin in pts w/atherosclerosis? - answerAspirin is an antiplatelet..
Prevents the existing plaques from getting bigger. Prevents plaque rupture. Cardio
protective, prevents stroke, MI, CVA
What is prescribed for angina pts w/DM? - answerACE inhibitors to protect the kidneys
and nerves
SE of high doses of aspirin? - answerTinnitus: ringing ears
Pt education regarding Plavix(clopidogrel bisulfate)? - answerAnti-platelet med. S/sx
bleeding: blood in stool or vomit, excessive bruising, abd pain uterine bld, back pain,
petichae. Interactions with EVERYTHING: OTC, herbals, supplements
Pts on coumadin? What are we watching for? - answerINR to check therapeutic levels.
Half life is long. Check 12hrs after taking.
What can be caused if pt started on heparin? - answerday4, ordering blood work to
check platelet count to observe for THROMBOCYTOPENIA
coumadin and childbearing aged females - answerInteractions with oral contraceptives-
must have a back up method during time you're taking coumadin
Pregnancy considerations and coumadin - answerNeed to monitor anti-Xa levels
biggest food group interaction with coumadin - answerGrapefruit, green leafy veggies.
Why? high in vitamin K which counteracts warfarin
Short duration: rapid acting insulin indication, MOA, usage - answerGiven w/meals
Provide bs control between meals at night
Can use in conjunction w/intermediate or long-acting agent
lispro, aspart, gluulocene
, Short duration: short acting insulin indication, MOA, usage - answerBefore meals to
control postprandial hyperglycemia
Infused SQ via pump
humulin/regular
intermediate(humalin/novalin) duration insulin indication, MOA, usage - answerBS
control between meals and during the night
Only one suitable for mixing w/short actings
basal coverage
Long duration: Insulin glargine U100 - answerup to 24hrs, once daily subq dosing, basal
coverage for DM1 or Dm2
Neostigmine is a medication uesd to tx what disease/disorder? - answerMyastenia
Gravis: AI disorder, antibodies destroy communication btw nerves and muscles. S/S
weak skeletal muscles, voluntary muscles, dysphagia, ptosis
Myasthenia gravis is an AI disorder that may cause what s/s? - answerdifficulty
swallowing
Medication must cross _____________ to affect CNS - answerBBB
Goal in Parkinson's tx is to restore ________________ in brain - answerdopamine
MCSE of dopaminergics - answersleep attacks, hallucinations, confusion
Med appropriate to treat acute psychosis? - answerHaloperidol
ASE of first-generation antipsychotic(FGA) medications such as haloperidol,
chlorpromazine: diff speaking, chewing - answertardive dyskinesia
Med to help manage panic attacks? - answerSSRI
Cholinesterase inhibitors are used in tx of what conditon? - answerAlzheimer's disease.
MOA block normal breakdown of acetylocholine which increases their levels and
duration of action in the CNS and PNS (neuromuscular junction). Also used in tx of
myasthenia gravis Ex: neostigmine, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine
What are some diseases/disorders/conditions are anticonvulsants used to treat other
than seizure disorders? - answermigraine HA prevention, bipolar DO, epilepsy
Examples: carbamazepine(Tegretol), gabapentin(Neurontin), phenobarbital,
topiramate(Topamax)
Anti-seizure med used for prophylactic tx of migraines - answertopiramate
Anti-seizure med that is also an anti-arrhythmic - answerphenytoin(Dilantin)
Pt on heparin in hospital setting. Why start coumadin 2 days before dc? -
answerBecause coumadin needs a couple days before it starts working.
Angina: bc pts dev tolerance to long-acting nitroglycerine w/i 1 day. How to prevent? -
answerPts must have 8hrs with no nitroglycerine every days. Hint: At night, remove nitro
patch bc no risk of exertional angina
Underlying cause of angina - answercoronary disease, athlerosclerosis
Why do we give aspirin in pts w/atherosclerosis? - answerAspirin is an antiplatelet..
Prevents the existing plaques from getting bigger. Prevents plaque rupture. Cardio
protective, prevents stroke, MI, CVA
What is prescribed for angina pts w/DM? - answerACE inhibitors to protect the kidneys
and nerves
SE of high doses of aspirin? - answerTinnitus: ringing ears
Pt education regarding Plavix(clopidogrel bisulfate)? - answerAnti-platelet med. S/sx
bleeding: blood in stool or vomit, excessive bruising, abd pain uterine bld, back pain,
petichae. Interactions with EVERYTHING: OTC, herbals, supplements
Pts on coumadin? What are we watching for? - answerINR to check therapeutic levels.
Half life is long. Check 12hrs after taking.
What can be caused if pt started on heparin? - answerday4, ordering blood work to
check platelet count to observe for THROMBOCYTOPENIA
coumadin and childbearing aged females - answerInteractions with oral contraceptives-
must have a back up method during time you're taking coumadin
Pregnancy considerations and coumadin - answerNeed to monitor anti-Xa levels
biggest food group interaction with coumadin - answerGrapefruit, green leafy veggies.
Why? high in vitamin K which counteracts warfarin
Short duration: rapid acting insulin indication, MOA, usage - answerGiven w/meals
Provide bs control between meals at night
Can use in conjunction w/intermediate or long-acting agent
lispro, aspart, gluulocene
, Short duration: short acting insulin indication, MOA, usage - answerBefore meals to
control postprandial hyperglycemia
Infused SQ via pump
humulin/regular
intermediate(humalin/novalin) duration insulin indication, MOA, usage - answerBS
control between meals and during the night
Only one suitable for mixing w/short actings
basal coverage
Long duration: Insulin glargine U100 - answerup to 24hrs, once daily subq dosing, basal
coverage for DM1 or Dm2
Neostigmine is a medication uesd to tx what disease/disorder? - answerMyastenia
Gravis: AI disorder, antibodies destroy communication btw nerves and muscles. S/S
weak skeletal muscles, voluntary muscles, dysphagia, ptosis
Myasthenia gravis is an AI disorder that may cause what s/s? - answerdifficulty
swallowing
Medication must cross _____________ to affect CNS - answerBBB
Goal in Parkinson's tx is to restore ________________ in brain - answerdopamine
MCSE of dopaminergics - answersleep attacks, hallucinations, confusion
Med appropriate to treat acute psychosis? - answerHaloperidol
ASE of first-generation antipsychotic(FGA) medications such as haloperidol,
chlorpromazine: diff speaking, chewing - answertardive dyskinesia
Med to help manage panic attacks? - answerSSRI
Cholinesterase inhibitors are used in tx of what conditon? - answerAlzheimer's disease.
MOA block normal breakdown of acetylocholine which increases their levels and
duration of action in the CNS and PNS (neuromuscular junction). Also used in tx of
myasthenia gravis Ex: neostigmine, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine
What are some diseases/disorders/conditions are anticonvulsants used to treat other
than seizure disorders? - answermigraine HA prevention, bipolar DO, epilepsy
Examples: carbamazepine(Tegretol), gabapentin(Neurontin), phenobarbital,
topiramate(Topamax)
Anti-seizure med used for prophylactic tx of migraines - answertopiramate
Anti-seizure med that is also an anti-arrhythmic - answerphenytoin(Dilantin)
