Test Bank for Kuby Immunology Covid-19 Digital Update, 8th Edition by Jenni Punt, Sharon Stranford, Patricia Jones, Judy Owen

Test Bank for Kuby Immunology Covid-19 Digital Update,
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8th Edition by Jenni Punt, Sharon Stranford, Patricia
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Jones, Judy Owen
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,Table of Contents
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1 Overview of the Immune System iv iv iv iv




2 Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System
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3 Recognition and Response iv iv




4 Innate Immunity iv




5 The Complement System
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6 The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes
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7 The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation
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8 T-Cell Development iv




9 B-Cell Development iv




10 T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory
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11 B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory
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12 Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity
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13 The Barrier Immunity: Immunology of Mucosa and Skin
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14 The Adaptive Immune Response in Time and Space
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15 Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation
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16 Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation iv iv iv




17 Infectious Disease and Public Health iv iv iv iv




18 Immunization and Vaccines iv iv




19 ImmunodeficiencyDisorders iv




20 Cancer and the Immune System iv iv iv iv

,Chapter 01 iv




1. Two of the main, early theories proposed to explain how antigen-specific antibodies develop were the
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instructional theory and the selective theory. How did the two differ? Which was ultimately shown to be
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CORRECT?
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ANSWER: The selective theory says that, when an antigen receptor binds with an antigen, the cell becomes
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activated (or the cell is selected to proliferate and secrete more copies of the receptor). The instructional
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theory says that the antigen receptor molds itself to the antigen. The selective theory was shown to be
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correct. iv




2. Often, serendipity plays a role in significant scientific discoveries. In your own words, explain
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how serendipity led Pasteur to discover a cholera vaccine.
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ANSWER: Pasteur developed the vaccine in chickens, which were in short supply. He challenged groups of
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chickens with cholera bacteria—some of which were previously exposed to an attenuated version of
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cholera bacteria. Only the previously exposed animals were protected from a new challenge, which led
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to the use of weakened pathogens as vaccines.
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3. Despite its having been eradicated on a global scale, smallpox is presently considered a potential bioterrorism
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threat. Why? Use evidence to support your answer.
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ANSWER: After eradication was achieved, smallpox vaccination programs largely ended. As populations continued
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to grow over time, an ever-increasing percentage of the human population remains unvaccinated and
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thus, is still susceptible to the disease.
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4. Prior to 1999, it was claimed that a thimerosal additive in vaccines was contributing to the rising incidence of
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autism. If the claims were true, what resultant trend might you expect to observe in the rate of autism
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once thimerosal was removed from vaccines?
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ANSWER: One would reasonably expect a decrease in the rate of autism. However, cases of autism continued to rise
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after thimerosal was removed from vaccines in 2001.
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5. Given the discovery and development of effective antibiotics, make an argument for the continued use of
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vaccines against bacterial pathogens. Use evidence to support your answer.
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ANSWER: Antibiotics are used for treatment of disease, not typically for prevention. Antibiotic treatment is not
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foolproof (considering the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance). Vaccines are a preventative measure,
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and prevention is the gold standard for infectious disease control measures.
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6. You have a friend unfamiliar with immunology, and he asks you the following question: "Why do I need the
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flu shot every year, but don't need an annual chickenpox vaccine?" As a student of immunology, how would you
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explain this discrepancy to your friend? Use evidence to support your answer.
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ANSWER: The virus that causes the flu changes every year - as a result, a new flu vaccine must be prepared each year
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based on a predication of the most common forms of the virus likely to be encountered. Vaccines are
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specific in the type of pathogen against which they protect, and protection against one type does not
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guarantee protection against pathogens that are closely-related.
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7. Provide one benefit and one drawback of generating random recognition receptors during the development of B
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cells.
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, ANSWER: A benefit is having the capacity to recognize and respond to diverse pathogens as they evolve. A drawback
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is that some recognition receptors could potentially recognize and target host antigens.
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