7/21/25, 8:38
AM
MBI 111 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
Terms in this set (40)
Ancient disease, occurs all over the
world -- higher rates around
equator Protozoan agent: single
eukaryotic cell (see powerpoint for
species), Difficult to develop drugs
that won't cross-react with our
immune system, Regional species,
Plasmodium falciparum (most
virulent), Mosquito is vector --
biological, Eliminate this and could
eliminate disease, able to control
Transmission: systemic, Infection
through the blood, travels to the
liver where grow and multiply, Grow
at about the same rate, Released
into bloodstream to infect red
1/
35
,7/21/25, 8:38
AM
blood cells (RBCs), Multiply and
Malaria
lyses RBC -- synchronized reaction!
DAMPs become exposed, each
round progressively worse, Cycles
of 24 - 48 hours, Stop dividing and
turn into sexual cells, Bit by
another mosquito and fertilize
gametes
Symptoms:
Malaise, fatigue, aches, nausea,
chills, fever, sweating, Caused by
RBC rupture Complications:
Anemia -- transportation of oxygen
more difficult, Kidneys, liver, and
spleen enlargement/damage, RBCs
debris, Cerebral malaria, RBCs
adhere to blood vessels in brain
cause reduced blood flow, Coma
and death
Possible Outcomes: Full recovery,
Chronic malaria -- persists in liver,
cause sporadic symptoms, Death --
young children and pregnant
women
Treatment: anti-protozoan drugs,
Problems with resistance, drug
2/
35
,7/21/25, 8:38
AM
combinations combat resistance,
Early treatment reduce severity
Prevention: break the life cycle of
Plasmodium, Keeping humans from
serving as hosts, Bed nets,
eliminate standing water,
insecticides, screens, repellants,
stay inside, Anti-malarial drugs to
treat malaria cases and prophylaxis
travels
Bacterial Agent: bacillus anthracis,
Grow in soil, long-lived endospores,
Disease of grazing animals (fatal),
Ingested with grass/inhaled while
grazing, Vaccine for animals
available, Animal dying is part of
the life cycle!
Transmission: not person to person,
Not infectious, endospores do not
form in living host
Anthrax Virulence factors:Tripartite exotoxin
-- 3 components (PA protective
antigen, EF edema factor, LF lethal
factor) from plasmid, Inhibits
chemotaxis and phagocytosis,
Edema = swelling, Massive
3/
35
, 7/21/25, 8:38
AM
inflammatory response and shock,
Produced by genes from another
plasmid, evasion of immune system
Treatment: antibiotics, earlier for
better treatment, Controversy b/c
think worsen amount of toxin
released as bacteria die
Prevention: vaccination (overly
complex), 6 doses for 1.5 years,
yearly booster, Military, lab
workers, occupational risk,
Antibiotics useful for those
exposed to endospores, Gas
sterilization of imported animal
hair, hide, and bone Bioterrorism:
"Weaponized" goal is widespread
pulmonary anthrax for death, 2001
anthrax attacks after 9/11, Senate
office buildings, media outlets,
postal facilities, 22 people with
cutaneous or pulmonary, 5 died
from pulmonary
Bacterial agent: Listeria
monocytogenes, Found in soil,
water, animal feces, common food
contaminant, Raw meat, chicken,
4/
35
AM
MBI 111 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
Terms in this set (40)
Ancient disease, occurs all over the
world -- higher rates around
equator Protozoan agent: single
eukaryotic cell (see powerpoint for
species), Difficult to develop drugs
that won't cross-react with our
immune system, Regional species,
Plasmodium falciparum (most
virulent), Mosquito is vector --
biological, Eliminate this and could
eliminate disease, able to control
Transmission: systemic, Infection
through the blood, travels to the
liver where grow and multiply, Grow
at about the same rate, Released
into bloodstream to infect red
1/
35
,7/21/25, 8:38
AM
blood cells (RBCs), Multiply and
Malaria
lyses RBC -- synchronized reaction!
DAMPs become exposed, each
round progressively worse, Cycles
of 24 - 48 hours, Stop dividing and
turn into sexual cells, Bit by
another mosquito and fertilize
gametes
Symptoms:
Malaise, fatigue, aches, nausea,
chills, fever, sweating, Caused by
RBC rupture Complications:
Anemia -- transportation of oxygen
more difficult, Kidneys, liver, and
spleen enlargement/damage, RBCs
debris, Cerebral malaria, RBCs
adhere to blood vessels in brain
cause reduced blood flow, Coma
and death
Possible Outcomes: Full recovery,
Chronic malaria -- persists in liver,
cause sporadic symptoms, Death --
young children and pregnant
women
Treatment: anti-protozoan drugs,
Problems with resistance, drug
2/
35
,7/21/25, 8:38
AM
combinations combat resistance,
Early treatment reduce severity
Prevention: break the life cycle of
Plasmodium, Keeping humans from
serving as hosts, Bed nets,
eliminate standing water,
insecticides, screens, repellants,
stay inside, Anti-malarial drugs to
treat malaria cases and prophylaxis
travels
Bacterial Agent: bacillus anthracis,
Grow in soil, long-lived endospores,
Disease of grazing animals (fatal),
Ingested with grass/inhaled while
grazing, Vaccine for animals
available, Animal dying is part of
the life cycle!
Transmission: not person to person,
Not infectious, endospores do not
form in living host
Anthrax Virulence factors:Tripartite exotoxin
-- 3 components (PA protective
antigen, EF edema factor, LF lethal
factor) from plasmid, Inhibits
chemotaxis and phagocytosis,
Edema = swelling, Massive
3/
35
, 7/21/25, 8:38
AM
inflammatory response and shock,
Produced by genes from another
plasmid, evasion of immune system
Treatment: antibiotics, earlier for
better treatment, Controversy b/c
think worsen amount of toxin
released as bacteria die
Prevention: vaccination (overly
complex), 6 doses for 1.5 years,
yearly booster, Military, lab
workers, occupational risk,
Antibiotics useful for those
exposed to endospores, Gas
sterilization of imported animal
hair, hide, and bone Bioterrorism:
"Weaponized" goal is widespread
pulmonary anthrax for death, 2001
anthrax attacks after 9/11, Senate
office buildings, media outlets,
postal facilities, 22 people with
cutaneous or pulmonary, 5 died
from pulmonary
Bacterial agent: Listeria
monocytogenes, Found in soil,
water, animal feces, common food
contaminant, Raw meat, chicken,
4/
35
