7/21/25, 8:38
AM
MBI111 EXAM ACTUAL FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
Terms in this set (57)
bioremediation uses bacteria from the environment or
adds a species known to metabolize
contaminants
nitrogen fixation some bacteria can remove nitrogen gas
from the air and convert it into nitrogen-
containing compounds
photosynthesis carbon dioxide & energy from sun > oxygen+
carbohydrates that can be consumed
fermentation ethanol and carbon dioxide are
reproduced when certain types of yeast
ferment various sugars (makes wine,
bread, beer, and liquor)
lactic acid is produced when certain bacteria ferment
lactose
Microbiome microorganisms that live in/ on the body-
protect us from harmful microbes, help
digest food, produce vitamins,
produce regulatory substances
human microbiome aims to identify these microorganisms
1/
9
, 7/21/25, 8:38
AM
biotech medications to treat diseases- most antibiotics,
human insulin, vaccines
Virulence factors adhesion/ attachment, Evasion of host
defenses, Direct damage to host, Indirect
damage to the host
adhesion/ bacteria attach to complementary binding
attachment sites/receptors on host cell surfaces in a
highly specific manner
evasion of host (resistance to engulfment, antigenic
defenses variation) - things that help the bacteria
resist host defenses
direct damage to host (exoenzymes, exotoxins) - damage directly from
the pathogen
(endotoxin/lipid A, superantigens) -
indirect damage to the occurs when tissue damage and other
host consequences that occur in the host are
due to an excessive and inappropriate
host immune response
chain of transmission The pathogen in reservoir- portal of exit-
mode of transmission- portal of entry-
new host
reservoirs (Human, Animal, Non-living) - Natural host or
habitat of a pathogenic microbe
modes of transmission (Direct contact, Droplets, Transplacental,
2/
9
AM
MBI111 EXAM ACTUAL FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
Terms in this set (57)
bioremediation uses bacteria from the environment or
adds a species known to metabolize
contaminants
nitrogen fixation some bacteria can remove nitrogen gas
from the air and convert it into nitrogen-
containing compounds
photosynthesis carbon dioxide & energy from sun > oxygen+
carbohydrates that can be consumed
fermentation ethanol and carbon dioxide are
reproduced when certain types of yeast
ferment various sugars (makes wine,
bread, beer, and liquor)
lactic acid is produced when certain bacteria ferment
lactose
Microbiome microorganisms that live in/ on the body-
protect us from harmful microbes, help
digest food, produce vitamins,
produce regulatory substances
human microbiome aims to identify these microorganisms
1/
9
, 7/21/25, 8:38
AM
biotech medications to treat diseases- most antibiotics,
human insulin, vaccines
Virulence factors adhesion/ attachment, Evasion of host
defenses, Direct damage to host, Indirect
damage to the host
adhesion/ bacteria attach to complementary binding
attachment sites/receptors on host cell surfaces in a
highly specific manner
evasion of host (resistance to engulfment, antigenic
defenses variation) - things that help the bacteria
resist host defenses
direct damage to host (exoenzymes, exotoxins) - damage directly from
the pathogen
(endotoxin/lipid A, superantigens) -
indirect damage to the occurs when tissue damage and other
host consequences that occur in the host are
due to an excessive and inappropriate
host immune response
chain of transmission The pathogen in reservoir- portal of exit-
mode of transmission- portal of entry-
new host
reservoirs (Human, Animal, Non-living) - Natural host or
habitat of a pathogenic microbe
modes of transmission (Direct contact, Droplets, Transplacental,
2/
9
