Biology 30 Final Exam Review 100% Correct Answers!!!

Characteristics of Life - ANS made of one or more cells displays organization grows and develops reproduces responds to stimuli requires energy maintains homeostasis adaptations evolve over time Made of one or more cells - ANS All organisms are made of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of life. Displays organization - ANS Each organized structure in an organism has a specific function Grows and develops - ANS growth is increase in mass and development is different abilities Reproduces - ANS Pass along traits from one generation to the next Responds to stimuli - ANS Reactions to internal and external stimuli are called responses. Requires energy - ANS Need some source of energy to fuel their life functions Maintains homeostasis - ANS All organisms keep internal conditions stable Adaptations evolve over time - ANS Adaptations are inherited changes that occur over time that help the species survive. Theory of Spontaneous Generation - ANS Idea that life arises from non-life Scientist who disproved Theory of Spontaneous Generation - ANS Francesco Redi Theory of Biogenesis - ANS Only living organisms can produce other living organisms Scientist who proved Theory of Biogenesis - ANS Louis Pasteur Primordial Soup Hypothesis - ANS When the Earth was young, oceans were filled with simple chemicals important for life How the Primordial Soup Hypothesis was supported and the scientists who were involved - ANS Miller and Urey designed an experimental apparatus to prove the hypothesis could actually occur and it was positive What first cells were like - ANS Prokaryotes Endosymbiont Theory - ANS Margulis proposed that eukaryote cells may have evolved from prokaryote cells When the Earth was made and what conditions were like - ANS 4.5 billion years ago Covered in lava and noxious gases Heavy Bombardment and beginning of life - ANS Comets and asteroids pounded the planet Impacts vaporized the earth's oceans and melted its crust Life first took hold If Earth was created 24 h ago, how long ago did humans first appear - ANS 30s before midnight Hooke's contributions to science - ANS Made simple microscope Observed small box shaped structures-called them cellulae Reason we have the term cell 3 points of cell theory - ANS All living organisms are composed of one or more cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms Cells arise only from previously existing cells Scanning Tunneling Electron Microscope - ANS Creates 3D image of small objects Only one that can be used with live specimens Transmission Electron Microscope - ANS Used to study the internal structure of cells Black and white image based on thickness Modern Compound Light Microscope - ANS Focused light up through the specimen Magnifies 1,000x Atomic Force Microscope - ANS Forces between the tip of the microscope's probe and the surface of a cell are measured Levels of Taxonomy - ANS Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species 3 domains - ANS Bacteria Archaea Eukarya First widely accepted system of classification created by who and when - ANS Aristotle 384-322 BC Carolus Linnaeus contributions to taxonomy - ANS Developed a system of taxa He developed Binomial Nomenclature Rules for scientific naming - ANS Genus name goes first and must be capitalized Species name comes second and is lowercased Must be underlined