Biology 30 Diploma Exam Questions And Answers

founder effect - ANS genetic drift that results when a small number of individuals separate from their original population and find a new population gene flow - ANS migration;the movement of alleles from one population to another through the movement of individuals or gametes sexual dimorphism - ANS striking differences in the physical appearance of males and females not usually applied to behavioural differences between sexes 3 types of population dispersion - ANS 1. Clumped 2. Uniform 3. Random open population - ANS a population in which change in size and density is determined by natality, mortality, immigration, and emmigration closed population - ANS a population in which change in size is determined by natality and mortality ony intraspecific competition - ANS an ecological interaction in which individuals of the same species compete for the resources in their habitat K- selected organism - ANS an organism that is adapted to survive at or near the carrying capacity of it's environment. only a few offspring are produced r- selected organism - ANS an organism that is addapted to increase population size rapidly interspecific competition - ANS competition between individuals of different species interference competition - ANS interspecific competition that involves aggression between individuals of different species who fight over the same resource exploitative competition - ANS interspecific competition that involves consumption of shared resources by individuals of different species, where consumption by one species may limit the availability for other species competitive exclusion - ANS the concept that, if resources are limited, no two species can remain in competition for exactly the same niche indefinitely resource partitioning - ANS avoidance of, o reduction in, competition for similar resources by individuals of different species occupying different non-overlapping ecological niches succession - ANS the slow, progressive replacement of one community by another during the development of vegetation in any area primary succession - ANS when a pioneer community inhabits an area not previously occupied by life ( ex. when plants colonize an area where a glacier is retreating) secondary succession - ANS when small plants begin to grow in an area previously inhabited (ex. plants after a fire in a forest) Reflex Arc - ANS SIM (sensory, inter, and motor neurons) relay information from the receptors to the effectors. Part of the PNS function of schwann cells - ANS helps create the myelin sheath; which aids in faster impulse transmission. how to tell the difference between interneurons and other neurons - ANS interneurons have no schwann cells CNS vs. PNS - ANS CNS is brain and spinal chord, PNS is nerves outside CNS function of neurilemma - ANS regeneration of damaged axons 5 parts of transmission impulse - ANS rest, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, refractory period depolarization in the neuron - ANS rushing in of Na+ ions repolarization in the neuron - ANS K- moves out 2 neurotransmitters in the the synapse - ANS acetylcholine- excitory; released by presynaptic membrane, and cholinersterase- inhibitory, to break down acetylcholine summation in the synaptic cleft - ANS when a neuron is stimulated by 2 or more other neurons acetylcholine - ANS nuerotransmitter that increases the post-synaptic membranes to sodium cholinesterase - ANS inactivates acetylcholine meninges - ANS protective layers around the CNS frontal lobe - ANS responsible for movement, speech and thought temporal lobe - ANS responsible for hearing parietal lobe - ANS sensory (ex. touch, taste, temperature) occipital lobe - ANS responsible for sight medulla oblongata - ANS responsible to unconscious activities hypothalamus - ANS maintains homeostasis; controls the pituitary and the autonomic functions cerebellum - ANS coordinates motor control somatic vs autonomic - ANS voluntary processes vs involuntary processes sympathetic vs. parasympathetic - ANS stress vs. normal pituitary gland secretions (8) - ANS HGH, TSH, Prolactin, LH, Oxytocin, FSH, ADH, ACTH Hgh - ANS human growth hormone, from the pituitary; helps in growth TSH - ANS thyroid- stimulating hormone, from pituitary, stimulates thyroid to release other hormones for metabolism. Prolactin - ANS stimulates milk production oxytocin - ANS stimulates milk expulsion and uterine contractions ADH - ANS antidiuretic hormone, increases the reabsorption of water in kidneys, from pituitary ACTH - ANS goes to the adrenal cortex, for the release of cortisol, which promotes the use of fats and excess amino acids for energy aldosterone - ANS salt-retaining hormone; promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys which promotes water retention