IMED1004 27- Diabetes Exam Questions Answered Correctly Graded A+
What is the difference between type one and type two diabetes - Answers In type one there is an
insufficient production of insulin due to autoimmune destruction of beta-cells. In type two cells don't
respond properly to insulin.
What are the two types of insulin - Answers 1. long-lasting- maintains basal rate of glucose uptake.
2. Short acting- after eating when glucose levels are high
List some of the effects of long-term hyperglycaemia - Answers -Protein glycosylation. -Hb glycosylation
(compromises oxygen delivery)
-entry of glucose into erythrocytes isn't regulated so they too are easily glycolsylated.
-Increased risk of CVD
-Renal failure
-Damage to small blood vessels and nerves
What two tests are used to test glycaemic control - Answers Fingerprick and HbA1c
What does HbA1c measure - Answers measures glycosylation of RBCs. Indicates average glycaemic
control over 6-8 weeks.
What does higher HbA1c correlate with - Answers Increased risk of microvascular complications
How many times a day do diabetics have to fingerprick - Answers 4
What are some effects of hypoglycaemia - Answers Loss of concentration. sweating, tremors, heart
palpitations --> coma and death.
How does type I diabetes lead to ketoacidosis - Answers Without insulin there is uncontrolled ketone
production, some of these are ketoacids, raising blood [H+].
How can untreated type I diabetes lead to dramatic weight loss - Answers Higher breakdown of ketone
body acetoacetate to acetone. To compensate for high levels.
List some microvascular complications of diabetes - Answers -Neuropathy.
-Nephtopathy (kidney)
-Vision disorders
List some macrovascular complications of diabetes - Answers -heart disease
-Stroke
What is the difference between type one and type two diabetes - Answers In type one there is an
insufficient production of insulin due to autoimmune destruction of beta-cells. In type two cells don't
respond properly to insulin.
What are the two types of insulin - Answers 1. long-lasting- maintains basal rate of glucose uptake.
2. Short acting- after eating when glucose levels are high
List some of the effects of long-term hyperglycaemia - Answers -Protein glycosylation. -Hb glycosylation
(compromises oxygen delivery)
-entry of glucose into erythrocytes isn't regulated so they too are easily glycolsylated.
-Increased risk of CVD
-Renal failure
-Damage to small blood vessels and nerves
What two tests are used to test glycaemic control - Answers Fingerprick and HbA1c
What does HbA1c measure - Answers measures glycosylation of RBCs. Indicates average glycaemic
control over 6-8 weeks.
What does higher HbA1c correlate with - Answers Increased risk of microvascular complications
How many times a day do diabetics have to fingerprick - Answers 4
What are some effects of hypoglycaemia - Answers Loss of concentration. sweating, tremors, heart
palpitations --> coma and death.
How does type I diabetes lead to ketoacidosis - Answers Without insulin there is uncontrolled ketone
production, some of these are ketoacids, raising blood [H+].
How can untreated type I diabetes lead to dramatic weight loss - Answers Higher breakdown of ketone
body acetoacetate to acetone. To compensate for high levels.
List some microvascular complications of diabetes - Answers -Neuropathy.
-Nephtopathy (kidney)
-Vision disorders
List some macrovascular complications of diabetes - Answers -heart disease
-Stroke
